Eco-intensification through soil carbon sequestration: Harnessing ecosystem services and advancing sustainable development goals
Eco-intensification through soil carbon sequestration: Harnessing ecosystem services and advancing sustainable development goals
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通过土壤固碳强化生态：利用生态系统服务并推进可持续发展目标
DOI：
10.2489/jswc.74.3.55a
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
R. Lal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Lal
土地滥用和土壤管理不善，造成土地创伤和严重退化（Steinbeck 1939； Jacks和Whyte 1939； Wood 1951; Buck 2012），必须通过明智的土地利用和谨慎的土壤/作物/水管理来取代，以恢复退化的土壤和改善环境。自20世纪60年代以来，农业产量的快速增长是由于大量投入肥料（氮[N]、磷[P]和钾[K]）、农药、耕作和其他农场作业中的能源消耗，以及约350 Mha （8.645 × 108 ac）土地的灌溉（Smil 2003; Tilman et al. 2001; Arizpe et al. 2011; Gomiero 2016）。然而，这种不分青红皂白的强化耕作、洪水灌溉和大量化学品的投入，对土壤、水、空气、植被和生物多样性的质量和功能产生了强烈的不利影响（Benson 2014）。尽管有这些大量的投入，主食的农业生产在一些地区已经停滞不前（Grassini等，2013），面对气候变化，必须确定新的粮食生产方法（Beddington等，2012；Foley等，2011;Lal 2016a, 2018）。因此，必须重新审视农业生态系统中养分和农药的使用，以及施用的比率和模式（Drinkwater和Snapp， 2007年）。推进食品……
Land misuse and soil mismanagement, causing land trauma and severe degradation (Steinbeck 1939; Jacks and Whyte 1939; Wood 1951; Buck 2012), must be replaced by a judicious land use and prudent soil/crop/water management to restore degraded soils and improve the environment. The rapid increase in agricultural production since the 1960s has been caused by massive input of fertilizers (nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]), pesticides, energy use in plowing and other farm operations, and irrigation of about 350 Mha (8.645 × 108 ac) of land (Smil 2003; Tilman et al. 2001; Arizpe et al. 2011; Gomiero 2016). However, such an indiscriminate intensification through plowing, flood-based irrigation, and high inputs of chemicals has strong adverse effects on the quality and functionality of soil, water, air, vegetation, and biodiversity (Benson 2014). Despite these massive inputs, agronomic production of food staples has stagnated in some regions (Grassini et al. 2013), and new approaches to food production must be identified in the face of climate change (Beddington et al. 2012; Foley et al. 2011; Lal 2016a, 2018). Thus, the use of nutrients and pesticides, as well as rates and mode of application, in agroecosystems must be revisited (Drinkwater and Snapp 2007). Advancing food…