The human role in changing fluvial systems : Retrospect, inventory and prospect
The human role in changing fluvial systems : Retrospect, inventory and prospect
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.017
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发表时间：
2006-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
L. James;W. Marcus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. James;W. Marcus
2006 年宾厄姆顿地貌学研讨会以人类在变化的河流系统中的作用为主题，提供了历史和现代科学背景。 2006 年的研讨会综合了有关人类对河流系统的影响（包括流域的水文和地貌变化）的研究成果，同时还纪念 1955 年人类在改变地球面貌中的作用研讨会 50 周年 [Thomas, Jr., W. L. (Ed.), 1956a。人类在改变地球面貌中的作用。大学。芝加哥出版社，芝加哥。 1193 页]。本文从人类对河流影响的角度审视了 1955 年的研讨会，回顾了当前对河流系统中人为相互作用的研究，并展望了该领域的未来方向。尽管1955年的研讨会没有明确的地貌焦点，但它为后来的许多拟人地貌研究奠定了基础。 1955 年的会议通过推荐和实践跨学科学术、在广泛的时间和地理尺度上使用不同的方法以及坚持对人类与自然相互作用的综合理解，为地貌学家提供了指导。自 1956 年以来，人类对河流系统影响的研究受到了研究原因、研究内容、河流研究方式以及研究人员等方面根本变化的影响。河流研究的基本原理现在在更大程度上受到机构需求、环境法规和水生恢复的驱动。新技术包括一系列可与分析功能和数字模型相结合的年代测定、空间成像和地面测量方法。这些新方法使人们对渠道变化、跨多个时间和空间尺度的变化以及综合分水岭观点有了更深入的了解；本卷中的论文所反映的所有变化。这些新方法也给地貌学家的培训带来了一系列的技术要求。 2006 年宾厄姆顿地貌学研讨会对 1956 年研讨会进行了补充，提供了关于河流系统与人类互动的更具体和更新的观点。研讨会的重点是人类土地利用、结构和河道改造与地貌、水文和生态之间的联系。可持续性作为环境管理的核心政策指南的出现应该会引起人们对地貌观点的更大兴趣，特别是当它们与人类活动有关时。然而，人类地貌变化理论的缺乏给这个快速发展的子领域的下一代地貌学家带来了挑战。
Historical and modern scientific contexts are provided for the 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium on the Human Role in Changing Fluvial Systems. The 2006 symposium provides a synthesis of research concerned with human impacts on fluvial systems — including hydrologic and geomorphic changes to watersheds — while also commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1955 Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Symposium [Thomas, Jr., W. L. (Ed.), 1956a. Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 1193 pp]. This paper examines the 1955 symposium from the perspective of human impacts on rivers, reviews current inquiry on anthropogenic interactions in fluvial systems, and anticipates future directions in this field. Although the 1955 symposium did not have an explicit geomorphic focus, it set the stage for many subsequent anthropogeomorphic studies. The 1955 conference provided guidance to geomorphologists by recommending and practicing interdisciplinary scholarship, through the use of diverse methodologies applied at extensive temporal and geographical scales, and through its insistence on an integrated understanding of human interactions with nature. Since 1956, research on human impacts to fluvial systems has been influenced by fundamental changes in why the research is done, what is studied, how river studies are conducted, and who does the research. Rationales for river research are now driven to a greater degree by institutional needs, environmental regulations, and aquatic restoration. New techniques include a host of dating, spatial imaging, and ground measurement methods that can be coupled with analytical functions and digital models. These new methods have led to a greater understanding of channel change, variations across multiple temporal and spatial scales, and integrated watershed perspectives; all changes that are reflected by the papers in this volume. These new methods also bring a set of technical demands for the training of geomorphologists. The 2006 Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium complements the 1956 symposium by providing a more specific and updated view of river systems coupled with human interactions. The symposium focuses on linkages between human land use, structures, and channel modification with geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. The emergence of sustainability as a central policy guideline in environmental management should generate greater interest in geomorphic perspectives, especially as they pertain to human activities. The lack of theories of anthropogeomorphic change, however, presents a challenge for the next generation of geomorphologists in this rapidly growing subfield.