Episodic memory retrieval in adolescents with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).
Episodic memory retrieval in adolescents with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).
复制标题
有或没有发展性语言障碍（DLD）的青少年的情景记忆检索。
DOI：
10.1111/1460-6984.12340
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lee,JoannaC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee,JoannaC
背景：两个原因可以解释文献中关于发展性语言障碍（DLD）的陈述性记忆的不同发现。首先，在之前的研究中，标准化测试是评估陈述性记忆的主要工具之一。有可能他们对细微的记忆损伤不够敏感。其次，陈述性记忆的基础系统是复杂的，因此结果可能会根据所测量的编码和检索过程的类型（例如，特定项目或关系）和/或任务要求（例如，记忆检索期间的回忆或识别）而变化。目的采用实验范式研究有和没有DLD的青少年的情景记忆功能，重点研究特定项目和相关信息的记忆识别。方法与步骤将青少年分为两组，一组为DLD患者（n= 23，平均年龄为16.73岁），另一组为无DLD患者（n= 23，平均年龄为16.75岁）。采用关系编码和项目特异性编码（RISE）范式评估了不同编码过程对DLD情景记忆提取的影响。使用RISE任务的优点是，项目特定编码/检索和关系编码/检索都可以在相同的学习范式中进行检查。结果与结果DLD青少年和语言发育正常的青少年在编码阶段的投入程度相当。DLD组的项目识别能力明显低于对照组。联想识别在两组间无显著差异；然而，与对照组相比，DLD组有一个不显著的趋势，表明DLD患者的联想识别可能受损，但程度较轻。结论与启示这些结果表明，青少年DLD在没有上下文信息支持的情况下，对刺激进行编码和检索时，情景记忆检索存在困难。青少年DLD对联想识别的影响相对小于对项目识别的影响。
BackgroundTwo reasons may explain the discrepant findings regarding declarative memory in developmental language disorder (DLD) in the literature. First, standardized tests are one of the primary tools used to assess declarative memory in previous studies. It is possible they are not sensitive enough to subtle memory impairment. Second, the system underlying declarative memory is complex, and thus results may vary depending on the types of encoding and retrieval processes measured (e.g., item specific or relational) and/or task demands (e.g., recall or recognition during memory retrieval).AimsTo adopt an experimental paradigm to examine episodic memory functioning in adolescents with and without DLD, with the focus on memory recognition of item‐specific and relational information.Methods & ProceduresTwo groups of adolescents, one with DLD (n= 23; mean age = 16.73 years) and the other without (n= 23; mean age = 16.75 years), participated in the study. The Relational and Item‐Specific Encoding (RISE) paradigm was used to assess the effect of different encoding processes on episodic memory retrieval in DLD. The advantage of using the RISE task is that both item‐specific and relational encoding/retrieval can be examined within the same learning paradigm.Outcomes & ResultsAdolescents with DLD and those with typical language development showed comparable engagement during the encoding phase. The DLD group showed significantly poorer item recognition than the comparison group. Associative recognition was not significantly different between the two groups; however, there was a non‐significant trend for to be poorer in the DLD group than in the comparison group, suggesting a possible impairment in associative recognition in individuals with DLD, but to a lesser magnitude.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese results indicate that adolescents with DLD have difficulty with episodic memory retrieval when stimuli are encoded and retrieved without support from contextual information. Associative recognition is relatively less affected than item recognition in adolescents with DLD.