Global workspace dynamics: cortical "binding and propagation" enables conscious contents.
Global workspace dynamics: cortical "binding and propagation" enables conscious contents.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00200
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ramsoy TZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baars BJ;Franklin S;Ramsoy TZ
全球工作空间（GW）是一个功能枢纽的绑定和传播的人口松散耦合的信令元素。在计算应用中，GW架构招募许多分布式的，专门的代理合作解决焦点歧义。在大脑中，有意识的体验可能反映了GW功能。对于动物来说，自然界充满了不可预测的危险和机遇，这表明大脑有一种普遍的适应压力，可以快速准确地解决焦点模糊问题。GW理论旨在理解有意识和无意识大脑活动之间的差异。在人类和相关物种中，皮质-丘脑（C-T）核心被认为是感知、思考、学习、认知感觉（FOK）、感受情绪、视觉意象、工作记忆和执行控制的意识方面的基础。替代的理论观点也进行了讨论。C-T核心有许多解剖学上的枢纽，但意识知觉在任何给定时刻都是单一的，内部一致的。随着时间的推移，意识内容构成了一个非常大的、开放的集合。这表明基于大脑的GW容量不能定位在单个解剖枢纽中。相反，它应该在一个功能中枢中寻找--一种在多个任务相关网络上绑定和传播神经信号的动态能力，一种神经元云计算。根据这种观点，当多个输入流达成赢家通吃的平衡时，意识内容可以出现在C-T核心的任何区域。由此产生的意识完形可能会引发一个任何对多的广播，持续100-200毫秒，并在先前建立的网络中引发广泛的适应。为了解释意识内容随时间变化的巨大范围，该理论提出了一个开放的绑定联盟库，这些联盟可以通过θ/γ或α/γ相位耦合进行广播，就像无线电频道争夺狭窄的频带一样。有意识的时刻被认为只包含1-4个不相关的项目;这个小的焦点容量可能是为全球访问付出的生物代价。皮层中的视觉定位图专注于颜色、视网膜大小、运动、物体身份和自我中心/非自我中心框架等特征，因此，在附近空间看到滚动的台球的绑定联盟可能会在LGN、V1-V4、MT、IT以及背流的活动图中产生共鸣。空间活动图可以使用自适应共振（折返）结合成相干完形。单个神经元可以通过相位调谐到4-12 Hz范围内的区域振荡来加入主导联盟。感觉知觉可能从后皮层绑定和传播，而非感觉FOK可能涉及前额叶和额颞区。海马复合体的解剖学和生理学也表明GW结构。在完整的大脑中，海马复合体可能支持有意识的事件组织以及情景记忆存储。
A global workspace (GW) is a functional hub of binding and propagation in a population of loosely coupled signaling elements. In computational applications, GW architectures recruit many distributed, specialized agents to cooperate in resolving focal ambiguities. In the brain, conscious experiences may reflect a GW function. For animals, the natural world is full of unpredictable dangers and opportunities, suggesting a general adaptive pressure for brains to resolve focal ambiguities quickly and accurately. GW theory aims to understand the differences between conscious and unconscious brain events. In humans and related species the cortico-thalamic (C-T) core is believed to underlie conscious aspects of perception, thinking, learning, feelings of knowing (FOK), felt emotions, visual imagery, working memory, and executive control. Alternative theoretical perspectives are also discussed. The C-T core has many anatomical hubs, but conscious percepts are unitary and internally consistent at any given moment. Over time, conscious contents constitute a very large, open set. This suggests that a brain-based GW capacity cannot be localized in a single anatomical hub. Rather, it should be sought in a functional hub – a dynamic capacity for binding and propagation of neural signals over multiple task-related networks, a kind of neuronal cloud computing. In this view, conscious contents can arise in any region of the C-T core when multiple input streams settle on a winner-take-all equilibrium. The resulting conscious gestalt may ignite an any-to-many broadcast, lasting ∼100–200 ms, and trigger widespread adaptation in previously established networks. To account for the great range of conscious contents over time, the theory suggests an open repertoire of binding1 coalitions that can broadcast via theta/gamma or alpha/gamma phase coupling, like radio channels competing for a narrow frequency band. Conscious moments are thought to hold only 1–4 unrelated items; this small focal capacity may be the biological price to pay for global access. Visuotopic maps in cortex specialize in features like color, retinal size, motion, object identity, and egocentric/allocentric framing, so that a binding coalition for the sight of a rolling billiard ball in nearby space may resonate among activity maps of LGN, V1-V4, MT, IT, as well as the dorsal stream. Spatiotopic activity maps can bind into coherent gestalts using adaptive resonance (reentry). Single neurons can join a dominant coalition by phase tuning to regional oscillations in the 4–12 Hz range. Sensory percepts may bind and broadcast from posterior cortex, while non-sensory FOKs may involve prefrontal and frontotemporal areas. The anatomy and physiology of the hippocampal complex suggest a GW architecture as well. In the intact brain the hippocampal complex may support conscious event organization as well as episodic memory storage.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Achard, S;Salvador, R;Bullmore, ET
通讯作者：
Bullmore, ET
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Baars, Bernard J.;Franklin, Stan
通讯作者：
Franklin, Stan
DOI：
10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70188-6
发表时间：
2012-09
期刊：
The Lancet. Neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Blumenfeld H
通讯作者：
Blumenfeld H
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2495-12.2012
发表时间：
2012-09-26
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bizley JK;Shinn-Cunningham BG;Lee AK
通讯作者：
Lee AK
影响因子：
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作者：
Franklin, Stan;Strain, Steve;Faghihi, Usef
通讯作者：
Faghihi, Usef