The Unique Impacts of U.S. Social and Health Policies on Rural Population Health and Aging.
The Unique Impacts of U.S. Social and Health Policies on Rural Population Health and Aging.
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DOI：
10.1093/ppar/praa034
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pendergrast, Claire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rhubart, Danielle C;Monnat, Shannon M;Pendergrast, Claire
联邦政策和计划通常是以中立的意图编写的，或者没有考虑它们可能会如何根据人口构成或地理环境而对地方产生不同的影响。平均而言，与城市地区相比，农村地区更老、更重、更穷，卫生保健基础设施更薄弱(Jensen等人，2020年)。因此，我们应该预料到，地区中立的政策将对农村和城市地区的健康和老龄化产生不同的影响。此外，美国农村并不是同质的，而是在人口和经济上多样化的，有不同的劳动力市场以及社会和卫生服务环境(Leider等人，2020年)。因此，地方中立政策也将对农村社区的巨大多样性产生不同的影响。我们讨论了三项大型的国家政策/计划，作为政策如何对农村和城市人口的健康和老龄化产生不同影响的范例：老年美国人法案、平价医疗法案和补充营养援助计划。我们还讨论了对政策制定者的影响，并确定了研究政策对人口健康和老龄化的空间差异影响的有前景的领域。
Federal policies and programs are typically written with placeneutral intent or without considering how they might affect places differently depending on population compositions or geographic contexts. On average, rural areas are older, sicker, and poorer and have weaker health care infrastructures than urban areas (Jensen et al., 2020). Therefore, we should anticipate that place-neutral policies would impact health and aging differently in rural versus urban areas. Moreover, rural America is not homogenous, but demographically and economically diverse, with a variety of labor markets and social and health service contexts (Leider et al., 2020). Therefore, place-neutral policies will also have differential impacts across the enormous diversity of rural communities. We discuss three large, national policies/programs as exemplars of how policies differentially affect population health and aging in rural versus urban populations: the Older Americans Act, the Affordable Care Act, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. We also discuss implications for policymakers and identify promising areas for research on the spatially disparate impacts of policies on population health and aging.