Bio-physical linkages in coastal wetlands – implications for coastal protection
Bio-physical linkages in coastal wetlands – implications for coastal protection
复制标题
沿海湿地的生物物理联系——对沿海保护的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Möller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Möller
几十年来，沿海湿地一直吸引着生态学家和地貌学家。在高盐和水力极端动态环境中的陆地植被群落的存在提供了一个理想的机会，研究生态适应机制的物理压力，以及植被地貌演变的重要性。然而，近年来，了解控制沿海湿地功能和演变的生物和物理因素之间的联系的重要性已成为保护，工程和政策部门的重点。这在很大程度上是由于人们日益认识到沿海湿地为社会提供的服务所产生的价值。这些服务包括其作为天然海防的作用，在沿海人口密度不断增加以及气候变化造成的环境压力（例如海平面上升和风暴频率增加）的背景下，这一作用变得越来越重要。本文回顾了如何，在过去的四分之一的世纪，在现场，实验室和数值模拟方法的进步取得了特别的进展，量化的海防作用的沿海湿地。越来越清楚的是，海上防御功能本身是复杂的，高度依赖于环境。虽然现在迫切需要改善生态工程解决方案，这些是不可能成功的，如果未来的研究没有找到适当的方法，按比例增加重要的参数，景观规模和定义的物理和生物过程的阈值，控制沿海湿地的海洋防御功能，在面对潜在的极端事件和海平面上升的持续供应。
Coastal wetlands have, for many decades, fascinated ecologists and geomorphologists alike. The existence of terrestrial vegetation communities in highly saline and hydraulically extremely dynamic environments has provided an ideal opportunity to study both ecological adaptation mechanisms to physical stressors as well as the importance of vegetation to landform evolution. In recent years, however, the importance of understanding the linkages between the biological and physical factors that control coastal wetland functioning and evolution has been brought into focus within the conservation, engineering, and policy sector. This is largely the result of a rising awareness of the value of coastal wetlands resulting from the services they provide to society. Those services include their role as natural sea defenses, a role that is becoming increasingly significant in the context of ever increasing coastal population densities alongside environmental pressures (e.g. sea level rise and increasing storm frequencies) arising from climate change. This paper reviews how, over the past quarter of a century, advances in field, laboratory, and numerical modeling approaches have made particular inroads into the quantification of the sea defense role of coastal wetlands. It is becoming increasingly clear that the sea defense function itself is complex and highly context dependent. Although there is now an urgent need for improved ecologicallyinformed engineering solutions, these are unlikely to be successful without future research finding appropriate ways of scaling up hydraulically important parameters to the landscape scale and defining the physical and biological process thresholds that control the continued provisioning of the sea defense function of coastal wetlands in the face of potential extreme events and sea level rise.