Children at risk: measuring racial/ethnic disparities in potential exposure to air pollution at school and home
Children at risk: measuring racial/ethnic disparities in potential exposure to air pollution at school and home
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.2006.054130
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Zandbergen, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chakraborty, Jayajit;Zandbergen, Paul A.
研究目的：本文基于美国佛罗里达州奥兰治县儿童的学校和家庭地点以及三种不同类型的污染源，通过探索潜在空气污染暴露的种族/民族差异，探讨儿童健康的环境正义影响。方法：利用1515709名公立学校入学儿童的地理编码学校和居住地，为每种类型的空气污染源生成距离最近源的分布函数，以比较白人、西班牙裔和黑人儿童的暴露潜力。离散缓冲距离被用来为统计测试提供定量比较。主要结果：无论在学校还是家庭所在地，在与每种污染源的任何给定距离上，西班牙裔或黑人儿童的累积比例都明显超过白人儿童的相应比例。然而，无论种族如何，在家里暴露在空气污染中的儿童比例比在学校的儿童要大。结论：本研究解决了在评估儿童暴露于环境危害和相关健康风险时同时考虑白天和夜间活动模式的日益增长的需求。研究结果表明，在所有类型的空气污染源的空间分布中，种族不平等的模式是一致的，黑人儿童在学校和家庭中都面临着最高的相对潜在暴露水平。
Study objective: This paper addresses the environmental justice implications of children's health by exploring racial/ethnic disparities in potential exposure to air pollution, based on both school and home locations of children and three different types of pollution sources, in Orange County, Florida, USA.Methods: Using geocoded school and residence locations of 151 709 children enrolled in the public school system, distribution functions of proximity to the nearest source are generated for each type of air pollution source in order to compare the exposure potential of white, Hispanic, and black children. Discrete buffer distances are utilised to provide quantitative comparisons for statistical testing.Main results: At any given distance from each type of pollution source, the cumulative proportion of Hispanic or black children significantly exceeds the corresponding proportion of white children, for both school and home locations. Regardless of race, however, a larger proportion of children are potentially exposed to air pollution at home than at school.Conclusions: This study addresses the growing need to consider both daytime and nighttime activity patterns in the assessment of children's exposure to environmental hazards and related health risks. The results indicate a consistent pattern of racial inequity in the spatial distribution of all types of air pollution sources examined, with black children facing the highest relative levels of potential exposure at both school and home locations.