Sociality, ecology and developmental constraints predict variation in brain size across birds.
Sociality, ecology and developmental constraints predict variation in brain size across birds.
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DOI：
10.1111/jeb.14117
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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已经有人提出了一些新的理论来解释动物王国中大脑相对大小的变化。生态理论认为，季节性或不可预测的环境的认知需求选择了相对大脑大小的增加，而“社会大脑假说”认为，社会复杂性是大脑大小进化的主要驱动力。在这里，我们使用比较的方法来测试的相对重要性的生态（饮食，觅食生态位和迁移），社会性（社会债券，合作繁殖和领土）和发展模式在塑造大脑大小在1886鸟类。在所有的鸟类，我们发现一个非常显着的影响，发展模式和觅食生态位上的大脑大小，这表明复杂的运动技能的发展限制和选择，而觅食一般施加重要的选择在鸟类的大脑大小。我们还发现社会联系和领域对大脑大小的影响，但这些影响的方向不支持社会脑假设。与此同时，我们发现主要鸟类分支之间在不同变量的相对重要性方面存在广泛的异质性，这意味着特定生态和社会因素对推动大脑大小进化的重要性通常是分支和背景特定的。总的来说，我们的研究结果揭示了生态和社会选择压力以及发育限制塑造鸟类大脑大小进化的重要而复杂的方式。在所有的鸟类，我们发现显着的影响，发展模式，觅食生态位，社会联系和领土的相对大脑大小。这表明，发展的限制，选择复杂的运动技能，而觅食，和社会因素一般施加重要的选择鸟类大脑的大小。然而，我们也发现主要鸟类分支之间在不同变量的相对重要性方面存在广泛的异质性，这意味着驱动大脑大小进化的特定生态和社会因素的重要性通常是分支和背景特定的。
Conflicting theories have been proposed to explain variation in relative brain size across the animal kingdom. Ecological theories argue that the cognitive demands of seasonal or unpredictable environments have selected for increases in relative brain size, whereas the ‘social brain hypothesis’ argues that social complexity is the primary driver of brain size evolution. Here, we use a comparative approach to test the relative importance of ecology (diet, foraging niche and migration), sociality (social bond, cooperative breeding and territoriality) and developmental mode in shaping brain size across 1886 bird species. Across all birds, we find a highly significant effect of developmental mode and foraging niche on brain size, suggesting that developmental constraints and selection for complex motor skills whilst foraging generally imposes important selection on brain size in birds. We also find effects of social bonding and territoriality on brain size, but the direction of these effects do not support the social brain hypothesis. At the same time, we find extensive heterogeneity among major avian clades in the relative importance of different variables, implying that the significance of particular ecological and social factors for driving brain size evolution is often clade‐ and context‐specific. Overall, our results reveal the important and complex ways in which ecological and social selection pressures and developmental constraints shape brain size evolution across birds. Across all birds we found significant effects of developmental mode, foraging niche, social bonding and territoriality on relative brain size. This suggests that developmental constraints, selection for complex motor skills whilst foraging, and social factors generally imposes important selection on avian brain size. However, we also found extensive heterogeneity among major avian clades in the relative importance of different variables, implying that the significance of particular ecological and social factors for driving brain size evolution is often clade‐ and context‐specific.
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