Autism does not limit strategic thinking in the "beauty contest" game.
Autism does not limit strategic thinking in the "beauty contest" game.
复制标题
自闭症并不限制“选美”游戏中的策略思维。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.015
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kennedy,DanielP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pantelis,PeterC;Kennedy,DanielP
发展心理学中一个流行的假设是，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者在推理他人心理过程的能力方面存在特定的障碍或发育迟缓，特别是当这种推理过程是高阶，递归或嵌套的时候。一种涉及这种对他人思想的复杂推理的人际互动是经济游戏，因为经济游戏在行为经济学中被广泛建模，它们为定量和精确分析ASD的认知功能提供了独特的测试平台。这项研究特别询问ASD是否与经济游戏“选美大赛”中的战略深度有关，在该游戏中，所有玩家提交从0到100的数字，赢家是提交最接近所有数字平均值的2/3的玩家。出乎意料的是，ASD成年参与者的反应分布反映了至少与他们的神经型同龄人一样深的战略推理水平，ASD参与者中有相同比例的人被描述为“高阶”战略玩家。因此，在这种经济游戏的背景下，无论什么样的心智推理能力对于典型的表现都是必要的，似乎在很大程度上是完整的，因此不太可能是ASD持续社会功能障碍的基础。
A popular hypothesis in developmental psychology is that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a specific impairment or developmental delay in their ability to reason about other people’s mental processes, especially when this reasoning process is of a higher-order, recursive, or nested variety. One type of interpersonal interaction that involves this sort of complex reasoning about others’ minds is an economic game, and because economic games have been extensively modeled in behavioral economics, they provide a unique testbed for a quantitative and precise analysis of cognitive functioning in ASD. This study specifically asked whether ASD is associated with strategic depth in the economic game known as The Beauty Contest, in which all players submit a number from 0 to 100, and the winner is the player who submits the number closest to 2/3 of the mean of all numbers submitted. Unexpectedly, the distribution of responses among adult participants with ASD reflected a level of strategic reasoning at least as deep as that of their neurotypical peers, with the same proportion of participants with ASD being characterized as “higher order” strategic players. Thus, whatever mentalistic reasoning abilities are necessary for typical performance in the context of this economic game appear to be largely intact, and therefore unlikely to be fundamental to persistent social dysfunction in ASD.