Transcriptional regulation of neuronal polarity and morphogenesis in the mammalian brain.

Transcriptional regulation of neuronal polarity and morphogenesis in the mammalian brain.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.018
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发表时间:
2011-10-06
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Bonni A
Bonni A
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
de la Torre-Ubieta L;Bonni A

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神经元具有高度特化的形态,通常由一条长轴突和多个分支的树突组成,这是动态极化原理的核心所在,即信息从树突流向胞体,再到轴突。一个多世纪以来,神经科学家一直着迷于形状对神经元功能的重要性以及神经元如何获得其特征性形态。在过去的十年中,我们对神经元极性和形态发生的分子基础的理解取得了重大进展。在这些研究中,转录因子已成为控制神经元形态发生多个方面的关键因素,从神经元极化和迁移到轴突生长和导向,再到树突生长和分支以及突触形成。在这篇综述中,我们将强调转录因子在塑造神经元形态方面的作用,重点关注哺乳动物系统中的近期文献。
The highly specialized morphology of a neuron, typically consisting of a long axon and multiple branching dendrites, lies at the core of the principle of dynamic polarization, whereby information flows from dendrites toward the soma and to the axon. For more than a century neuroscientists have been fascinated by how shape is important for neuronal function and how neurons acquire their characteristic morphology. During the past decade, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of neuronal polarity and morphogenesis. In these studies, transcription factors have emerged as key players governing multiple aspects of neuronal morphogenesis from neuronal polarization and migration to axon growth and pathfinding to dendrite growth and branching to synaptogenesis. In this review, we will highlight the role of transcription factors in shaping neuronal morphology with emphasis on recent literature in mammalian systems.
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