The Road to Forgiveness: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of Its Situational and Dispositional Correlates
The Road to Forgiveness: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of Its Situational and Dispositional Correlates
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019993
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Nag, Monisha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fehr, Ryan;Gelfand, Michele J.;Nag, Monisha
宽恕已经得到了广泛的关注，心理学家从社会，人格，临床，发展和组织的角度。尽管取得了很大的进步，宽恕文学见证了经验整合的尝试很少。为此，我们荟萃分析了175项研究和26,006名参与者的结果，以研究人际宽恕的相关性（即，一个人的罪，一个人的罪，一个人的罪。一个三方宽恕类型的建议，包括受害者的（a）认知。(b)影响。以及（c）犯罪后的约束，每个约束都由情境和倾向组成。我们测试了关于22个不同结构的假设，作为宽恕的相关因素，这些结构在心理学的不同领域都得到了测量。我们还评估了关键样本和研究特征，包括性别，年龄，时间和方法作为主要影响因素和调节因素。结果突出了宽恕的多面性。影响特别显著的变量包括意图（（r）在酒吧= -. 49），状态移情（（r）在酒吧=. 51），道歉（r）在酒吧=. 42）和状态愤怒（r）在酒吧=. 41）。与以前的理论相一致，情景结构被证明是占更大的差异比受害者的处置宽恕，虽然类内差异是相当大的。样本和研究特征对宽恕的影响可以忽略不计，尽管之前的理论与此相反：性别的影响不显著（（r）超过bar = 0.01），年龄的影响可以忽略不计（（r）超过bar = 0.06）。初步证据表明，方法可能会显示出一些调节作用。情景方法导致认知效果增强;回忆方法导致影响效果增强。
Forgiveness has received widespread attention among psychologists from social, personality, clinical, developmental, and organizational perspectives alike. Despite great progress, the forgiveness literature has witnessed few attempts at empirical integration. Toward this end, we meta-analyze results from 175 studies and 26,006 participants to examine the correlates of interpersonal forgiveness (i.e., forgiveness of a single offender by a single victim). A tripartite forgiveness typology is proposed, encompassing victims' (a) cognitions. (b) affect. and (c) constraints following offense, with each consisting of situational and dispositional components. We tested hypotheses with respect to 22 distinct constructs, as correlates of forgiveness, that have been measured across different fields within psychology. We also evaluated key sample and study characteristics, including gender, age, time, and methodology as main effects and moderators. Results highlight the multifaceted nature of forgiveness. Variables with particularly notable effects include intent ((r) over bar = -.49), state empathy ((r) over bar = .51), apology ((r) over bar = .42), and state anger ((r) over bar = .41). Consistent with previous theory, situational constructs are shown to account for greater variance in forgiveness than victim dispositions, although within-category differences are considerable. Sample and study characteristics yielded negligible effects on forgiveness, despite previous theorizing to the contrary: The effect of gender was nonsignificant ((r) over bar = .01), and the effect of age was negligible ((r) over bar = .06). Preliminary evidence suggests that methodology may exhibit some moderating effects. Scenario methodologies led to enhanced effects for cognitions; recall methodologies led to enhanced effects for affect.