MicroRNAs in gene regulation: when the smallest governs it all.
MicroRNAs in gene regulation: when the smallest governs it all.
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DOI：
10.1155/jbb/2006/69616
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Provost P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ouellet DL;Perron MP;Gobeil LA;Plante P;Provost P
到目前为止，大多数真核生物的基因组都编码MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)，它是由21个核苷酸(NT)组成的小∼非编码RNA(NcRNAs)，它是由核糖核酸酶(RNase)III DROSHA和DICER执行的一系列生物合成过程中产生的。随着他们最近的发现，miRNAs作为基因表达的关键调控因子迅速占据了中心舞台。在这篇综述中，我们将总结我们对miRNA生物合成途径及其蛋白质组分的现有知识，以及它通过miRNAs调节的过程，这些已知的miRNAs在真核生物中发挥着多种生物学功能。虽然miRNAs的相对重要性仍未得到充分认识，但由于miRNA生物发生功能障碍或基于miRNA的异常基因调控导致的蛋白表达异常可能是几种尚未确定的疾病的关键病因。因此，我们需要更好地了解miRNA生物发生和功能潜在的基本机制的复杂性。
Encoded by the genome of most eukaryotes examined so far, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small ∼ 21-nucleotide (nt) noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from a biosynthetic cascade involving sequential processing steps executed by the ribonucleases (RNases) III Drosha and Dicer. Following their recent identification, miRNAs have rapidly taken the center stage as key regulators of gene expression. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the miRNA biosynthetic pathway and its protein components, as well as the processes it regulates via miRNAs, which are known to exert a variety of biological functions in eukaryotes. Although the relative importance of miRNAs remains to be fully appreciated, deregulated protein expression resulting from either dysfunctional miRNA biogenesis or abnormal miRNA-based gene regulation may represent a key etiologic factor in several, as yet unidentified, diseases. Hence is our need to better understand the complexity of the basic mechanisms underlying miRNA biogenesis and function.