Phytotoxicity of pathogenic fungi and their mycotoxins to cereal seedling viability
Phytotoxicity of pathogenic fungi and their mycotoxins to cereal seedling viability
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DOI：
10.1556/amicr.48.2001.1.4
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hasan, H. A. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hasan, H. A. H.
黄曲霉、链格孢霉和尖孢镰刀菌是导致大麦、高粱和小麦幼苗减产的主要病原真菌。病原菌具有产生黄曲霉毒素B1和G1、二乙酰氧基圈烯醇、曲酸和细交链孢霉酸的能力，从而降低幼苗的存活力。黄曲霉毒素对大麦、小麦和高粱的半数致死量（LD_（50））分别为0.83 mg L ~（-1）、1.74 mg L ~（-1）和2.75 mg L ~（-1）。二乙酰氧基萜酚对大麦、小麦和高粱的抑制浓度分别为1.26 mg L ~（-1）、3.98 mg L ~（-1）和10 mg L ~（-1）。曲酸在63 mg L-1对大麦、105 mg L-1对小麦和251 mg L-1对高粱诱导50%的抑制。然而，细链脲酸的毒性较小，毒性范围为79-550 mg L-1。对发芽的抑制作用在大麦中更明显，其次是小麦，在高粱中对所有测试的真菌毒素的抑制作用可以忽略不计。这种抑制归因于幼苗淀粉酶活性的降低。淀粉酶活性也呈相同的下降趋势：大麦>小麦>高粱。在1g kg ~（-1）的处理量下，小麦、大麦和高粱的幼苗活力分别提高了45%和22%，大麦提高了24%和33%，高粱提高了15%和30%。这些杀菌剂在土壤接种A. Flavus、黄毛菊A. alternata和F.尖孢菌属
Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be the pathogenic fungi mostly reducing cereal (barley, sorghum and wheat) seedlings. The pathogens have the ability to produce aflatoxin B1 and G1, diacetoxyscirpenol, kojic acid and tenuazonic acid that reduced seedling viability. The inhibition dose for 50% reduction (LD50) was recorded by aflatoxins at 0.83 mg L-1 for barley, 1.74 mg L-1 for wheat and 2.75 mg L-1 for sorghum. Diacetoxyscirpenol produced its inhibition at 1.26 mg L-1 for barley, 3.98 mg L-1 for wheat and 10 mg L-1 for sorghum. Kojic acid induced 50% inhibition at 63 mg L-1 for barley, 105 mg L-1 for wheat and 251 mg L-1 for sorghum. However, tenuazonic acid was less toxic where, the toxicity was ranged between 79-550 mg L-1. The inhibition in germination was more pronounced in barley followed by wheat and negligible in sorghum to all tested mycotoxins. This inhibition attributed to the reduction in seedling amylase activity. Amylase was also reduced in the same trend: barley > wheat > sorghum. Grain treatment with carboxin-captan and thiophanatemethyl-thiram at 1g kg-1 grain increased seedlings vigour of wheat in sterilized soil by 45 and 22%, barley by 24 and 33% and sorghum by 15 and 30%, respectively. These fungicides have also a positive effect on cereal when soil was inoculated with A. flavus, A. alternata and F. oxysporum.