Who Needs a Friend? Marital Status Transitions and Physical Health Outcomes in Later Life
Who Needs a Friend? Marital Status Transitions and Physical Health Outcomes in Later Life
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DOI：
10.1037/hea0000049
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Manning, Suzanne W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bookwala, Jamila;Marshall, Kirsten I.;Manning, Suzanne W.
目的：本研究评估了两种类型的知己关系在减轻涉及晚年失去配偶（丧偶和离婚/分居）的转变对健康的负面影响方面的调节作用。方法：样本包括参加 1992 年和 2004 年威斯康星州纵向研究（WLS，2007）的 707 名受访者，他们都在时间 1 结婚，到时间 2 经历了因丧偶或离婚/分居而结束婚姻的情况，或者继续与同一配偶保持婚姻关系。样本中的大多数为女性 (n = 457)，平均年龄为 64.3 岁。检查了身体健康的三项指标，包括躯体抑郁症状、健康自评和上一年病假天数。结果：调节回归分析表明，在时间 2 时有朋友作为知己在婚姻转变和健康结果之间的联系中发挥了显着的调节作用，缓冲了丧偶对健康的影响。具体来说，在两次浪潮之间丧偶的人中，与那些报告没有朋友作为知己的人相比，那些在第二次时间有朋友作为知己的人报告称，前一年的躯体抑郁症状明显较低，自评健康状况更好，卧床病假天数更少。没有人支持在时间 2 时让家庭成员作为知己在婚姻转变与健康的联系中发挥调节作用。结论：这些结果强调需要制定方法来维持和加强丧偶老年人之间的信任友谊。
Objective: This study assessed the moderating role of 2 types of confidante relationships in mitigating the negative health impact of transitions involving spousal loss in late life (widowhood and divorce/separation). Method: The sample included 707 respondents who participated in the 1992 and 2004 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS, 2007) all of whom were married at Time 1 and by Time 2 experienced either an end of the marriage resulting from widowhood or divorce/separation or remained continuously married to the same spouse. The majority of the sample was female (n = 457) and 64.3 years old on average. Three indicators of physical health were examined, including somatic depressive symptomatology, self-rated health, and number of sick days in the preceding year. Results: Moderated regression analyses showed that the availability of a friend as confidante at Time 2 played a significant moderating role in the link between marital transitions and health outcomes, buffering the health impact of widowhood. Specifically, among those who became widowed between the 2 waves, those who had available a friend as confidante at Time 2 reported significantly lower somatic depressive symptoms, better self-rated health, and fewer sick days in bed during the preceding year than those who reported not having a friend as confidante. No support was obtained for the moderating role of having a family member as confidante at Time 2 in the link from marital transitions to health. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to develop means to maintain and enhance confiding friendships among widowed older adults.