Botanical collections as an opportunity to explore nature through the time: An untargeted metabolomic study in historical and modern Nicotiana leaves
Botanical collections as an opportunity to explore nature through the time: An untargeted metabolomic study in historical and modern Nicotiana leaves
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2023.105769
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发表时间：
2023-04-13
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Inskip, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Badillo-Sanchez, Diego;Ruber, Maria Serrano;Inskip, Sarah
植物馆藏中的活标本和干标本在社会科学研究中发挥着重要作用，为获取单个植物、生态系统和环境研究的宏观和分子信息提供了机会。非靶向代谢组学是一种分析方法，允许同时研究生物体中存在的多个小分子，这使我们能够统计比较不同的兴趣条件。代谢组学方法已用于植物收藏的活标本，但到目前为止，还没有用于历史干燥材料。以烟草属草本植物（烟草）为例，我们提出了一项非靶向代谢组学研究，以评估干燥的历史标本作为过去代谢组学信息来源的潜力。采用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱联用技术分析了四种现代手工烟草雪茄（分为包装叶、黏结叶和填充叶）的极性和非极性/极性水萃取物的代谢组学特征，以及来自英国伦敦邱园皇家植物园的一组19世纪末至20世纪初的八种烟草标本（七种烟叶和一种鼻烟粉）。结果表明，在干燥的植物材料中保存了广泛的极性和非极性/极性分子，为代谢组学研究提供了最佳信息。历史干燥样品的代谢组学特征明显，可归类为烟草或俄罗斯烟草，并根据地理来源或转化/处理表现出差异。基于历史材料分子数据的统计模型使我们能够验证历史收集的标签，该模型确定了一个可能被错误标记的标本，并为一个未知烟草样品的种类提供了一些线索。最后，烟草和现代雪茄的代谢组学差异表明，两者的代谢组学特征有很大一部分是相同的，其中分子差异可能与过去两个世纪植物的生长位置和/或人为转化有关。该研究表明，干燥植物标本是一种可行的信息来源，如果将其应用于大量个体，可能会得出植物材料随时间推移可能发生的进化和人为改变的结论。研究结果对植物学、历史学和考古学等对植物历史感兴趣的学科具有重要意义。
Living and dried specimens in botanical collections play an important role in society for scientific purposes, offering the opportunity to obtain both macroscopic and molecular information for individual plants, ecosystems, and environmental studies. Untargeted metabolomics is an analytical approach that permits the simultaneous study of multiple small molecules present in an organism, which allows us to statistically compare different conditions of interest. Metabolomic approaches have been used on living specimens in botanical collections, but until now, not on historical dried material. Using the Nicotiana genus herbaceous plant (tobacco) as a case study, we propose an untargeted metabolomic study to evaluate the potential of dried historical specimens as a source of metabolomic information for the past. The metabolomic profile from polar and less-polar/apolar aqueous extracts of four modern handmade tobacco cigars (split into wrapper, binder, and filler leaves), and a set of eight late-19th to early-20th century tobacco specimens (seven tobacco leaves and one snuff powder) from the collection of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew (London, UK) were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Results showed that a wide range of polar and less-polar/apolar molecules are preserved in dried botanical material providing information optimal for metabolomic studies. The metab-olomic profiles of historical dried samples were distinct enough to classify as Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana rustica, and showed differences based on geographic provenance or transformation/processing. Statistical models based on the molecular data from the historical material permitted us to validate the labelling of the historical collection, which identified one possible mislabelled specimen and offered some clues as to the species of one unknown Nicotiana sample. Finally, metabolomic differences in profiles between Nicotiana tabacum and modern cigars showed that both share a large proportion of their metabolomic profile, where molecular differences could be possibly associated with both location of growth and/or anthropogenic transformation of the plant in the last two centuries. This study demonstrates that dry botanical collections are a feasible source of information, and, if applied to a large set of individuals, conclusions may be drawn about the possible evolution and anthropogenic modification over time in plant material. The results are significant for disciplines interested in the history of plants, such as botany, history and archaeology.