Diet dependent experience and physiological state shape the behavior of a generalist herbivore
Diet dependent experience and physiological state shape the behavior of a generalist herbivore
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饮食依赖经验和生理状态塑造了通才草食动物的行为
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.030
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Müller C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tremmel M;Müller C
草食性昆虫的表现取决于营养吸收和毒素避免之间的平衡。虽然高浓度的防御性植物代谢物损害了通才和专家，但通才可能不太适应特定的寄主，因此更多地受到植物防御特性的负面影响。此外，在动物的生理状态和获得的经验中产生的饮食依赖的差异可能会塑造它的行为。在这里，我们研究了终生接触不同质量的叶片对通用型叶甲的性能和各种行为特征的影响。连续取食3种不同饲料[幼叶、老叶或不同龄期的甘蓝(十字花科)叶]，每隔一天交替饲养一次，发现幼虫取食幼叶的相对生长率(RGRs)高于取食其他饲料的幼虫。轮流取食不同龄期的叶片，降低了G的生产性能。Tanaci，表明与饮食混合有关的成本。通过各自的食物品质获得的经验形成了成虫的偏爱行为。用幼叶和老叶饲养的动物的正反馈和负反馈分别导致对幼叶的偏爱。相比之下，对于用交替饮食饲养的动物来说，反馈可能被阻止了，因为这种饮食没有表现出任何偏好。由于成人发育过程中的生理变化，老年人的身体质量没有表现出任何与饮食相关的差异。对老年人进行的一系列行为测试显示，这种行为在背景下是一致的，部分随着时间的推移是一致的，但行为并不因饮食经历的不同而不同。我们找回了这个物种的三个人格维度，即大胆、活跃和探索。这种行为结构与早先对另一种菊科动物的发现非常相似，这表明昆虫的人格维度概念具有更广泛的有效性。我们的结果表明，在研究行为表型时，经验依赖和状态依赖都很重要。
The performance of herbivorous insects depends on a balance of nutrient uptake and toxin avoidance. Whereas high concentrations of defensive plant metabolites impair both generalists and specialists, generalists are likely less adapted to particular hosts and thus more negatively affected by plant defense traits. Furthermore, resulting diet-dependent differences in the physiological state and the gained experience of an animal may shape its behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of life-long experience with leaves of different quality on the performance and various behavioral traits of the generalist leaf beetleGaleruca tanaceti. Rearing individuals continuously on three different diets [young leaves, old leaves, or leaves of different age of cabbage (Brassicaceae) in alternating order every other day], we found that relative growth rates (RGRs) of the larvae were higher when feeding on young leaves than when feeding on the other diets. Feeding on leaves of different age in alternating order reduced the performance ofG. tanaceti, indicating costs involved in diet mixing. The experience gained by the respective food qualities shaped the preference behavior in adult beetles. Positive and negative feedbacks of animals reared on young or old leaves, respectively, led to a preference towards young leaves. In contrast, feedback was probably prevented for animals reared on alternating diet, which did not exhibit any preferences. Older adults did not show any diet-dependent differences in body mass due to physiological changes during adult development. A battery of behavioral tests with the older adults revealed that the behavior was consistent over context and partially over time but behaviors did not differ in dependence of the diet experience. We retrieved three personality dimensions for this species, namely boldness, activity, and exploration. The behavioral structure was very similar to earlier findings for another chrysomelid species, indicating a broader validity of the concept of personality dimensions in insects. Our results demonstrate the importance of both experience- and state-dependence when investigating behavioral phenotypes.
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DOI：
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