Increasing detections of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), in the Pacific Arctic
Increasing detections of killer whales ( Orcinus orca ), in the Pacific Arctic
复制标题
在北极太平洋地区发现越来越多的虎鲸(Orcinus orca)
DOI:
10.1111/mms.12551
复制
发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Stafford, Kathleen M.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stafford, Kathleen M.
Worldwide, climate change is altering habitats in both terrestrial and marine systems (Cohen et al. 2018). This is particularly true in the Arctic, where dramatic reductions in seasonal sea ice cover have decreased habitat for ice-reliant species (Laidre et al. 2015), but increased ice-free habitat for subarctic species (Moore and Huntington 2008). The reduction in seasonal sea ice, with earlier break up in the spring and later formation in the fall is the most evident climate-change driven alteration of the Arctic (Wang and Overland 2015). In the Chukchi Sea, over the past 30 yr, spring break up timing has advanced from early July to mid-June and fall freeze up is now delayed from early November into December resulting in a net increase of open water days of 5–6 wk (Laidre et al. 2015). Sea ice reductions in the Pacific Arctic have been linked to ecosystem shifts that include changes in abundance and distribution of benthic species (Grebmeier 2012), increases in primary production (Arrigo and van Dijken 2015), changes in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) phenology and foraging behavior (Hauser et al. 2018), and increased sightings of subarctic cetaceans, including killer whales (Orcinus orca, Clarke et al. 2013b). Mammal-eating killer whales are a subarctic cetacean that is a highly efficient apex predator that preys on a wide variety of marine mammal species (Matkin et al. 2007). Globally, killer whales strongly impact the structure of marine ecosystems by exerting top-down effects on the distribution, abundance and behavior of prey species (Williams et al. 2004, Barrett-Lennard et al. 2011). There are several lines of evidence that killer whales are increasing and becoming a major predator in the eastern Canadian Arctic