Analysis of the sulfate-reducing bacterial and methanogenic archaeal populations in contrasting Antarctic sediments
Analysis of the sulfate-reducing bacterial and methanogenic archaeal populations in contrasting Antarctic sediments
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.69.6.3181-3191.2003
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Embley, TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Purdy, KJ;Nedwell, DB;Embley, TM
研究了南极沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和产甲烷古菌的群落分布和活性。海伍德湖以产甲烷为主，浅水湾以硫酸盐还原为主。浆料试验表明，海伍德湖90%的甲烷生成是由丙酮碎屑产生的。在海伍德湖古细菌克隆库中发现的克隆多样性有限，其中大多数克隆与专性醋酸盐利用的Methanosaeta concilii亲缘关系密切。浅滩古细菌克隆文库包含利用Methanolobus和methanococides的C(1)-利用Methanogenium的H(2)-利用Methanogenium的克隆。对直接从沉积物中提取的RNA进行寡核苷酸探测表明，古生菌占海伍德湖原核生物信号总量的34%，甲烷生菌占该信号总量的13.2%。从浅滩沉积物中提取的RNA中，古细菌仅占总原核生物信号的0.2%。在浅滩细菌克隆文库中，10.3%的克隆为srb样，与Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus、desulfoaba、Desulfosarcina和desulobacter以及组成Desulfuromonas簇的硫和金属氧化剂有亲缘关系。特定SRB簇的寡核苷酸检测表明，SRB占总原核信号的14.7%，其中Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus为优势SRB类群（占总原核信号的10.7%）；这些结果支持了之前关于北极沉积物的结果。Methanosaeta和Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus分别在海伍德湖和浅湾中表现出重要意义，并且可能在全球永久低温沉积物中具有重要意义。
The distribution and activity of communities of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea in two contrasting Antarctic sediments were investigated. Methanogenesis dominated in freshwater Lake Heywood, while sulfate reduction dominated in marine Shallow Bay. Slurry experiments indicated that 90% of the methanogenesis in Lake Heywood was acetoclastic. This finding was supported by the limited diversity of clones detected in a Lake Heywood archaeal clone library, in which most clones were closely related to the obligate acetate-utilizing Methanosaeta concilii. The Shallow Bay archaeal clone library contained clones related to the C(1)-utilizing Methanolobus and Methanococcoides and the H(2)-utilizing Methanogenium. Oligonucleotide probing of RNA extracted directly from sediment indicated that archaea represented 34% of the total prokaryotic signal in Lake Heywood and that Methanosaeta was a major component (13.2%) of this signal. Archaea represented only 0.2% of the total prokaryotic signal in RNA extracted from Shallow Bay sediments. In the Shallow Bay bacterial clone library, 10.3% of the clones were SRB-like, related to Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus, Desulfofaba, Desulfosarcina, and Desulfobacter as well as to the sulfur and metal oxidizers comprising the Desulfuromonas cluster. Oligonucleotide probes for specific SRB clusters indicated that SRB represented 14.7% of the total prokaryotic signal, with Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus being the dominant SRB group (10.7% of the total prokaryotic signal) in the Shallow Bay sediments; these results support previous results obtained for Arctic sediments. Methanosaeta and Desulfotalea/Desulforhopalus appear to be important in Lake Heywood and Shallow Bay, respectively, and may be globally important in permanently low-temperature sediments.