Effects of ozone or sulfur dioxide on growth and yield of rice
Effects of ozone or sulfur dioxide on growth and yield of rice
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DOI：
10.1016/0167-8809(85)90088-x
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发表时间：
1985-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Kats;P. Dawson;A. Bytnerowicz;J. Wolf;C. Thompson;D. Olszyk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Kats;P. Dawson;A. Bytnerowicz;J. Wolf;C. Thompson;D. Olszyk
以水稻品种水稻、M7、M9和S201为材料，在开顶式田间试验室中研究了这些重要的大气污染物对大田植株的影响。暴露15周，臭氧浓度分别为0、98、196、294或392μg m−3，5 h d−1，5天周−1；二氧化硫浓度131、2 62、393或524μg m−3，24 h d−1，5 d周−1。在植物早期生长后的第一次收获时，最高浓度的臭氧导致生长减少，而二氧化硫导致生长增加。在第二次收获时，暴露在臭氧中的植物继续表现出生长减慢，而二氧化硫只导致植株高度降低。在最终收获和主要收获时，392μg m−3浓度的臭氧使品种M7、M9和S201的种子总重分别降低了12、29和21%。降低了M9和S201的百粒重和秸秆重，提高了穗部不育率。臭氧降低了所有品种的高度，增加了穗数。当二氧化硫浓度为524μg m−3时，M9和S201的种子总重分别降低22%和14%，百粒重分别降低11%和10%。结果表明，臭氧对单位污染物水稻的危害比二氧化硫大得多，两种污染物造成的减产主要是由于种子体积变小造成的。增加的种子不育性部分地被臭氧暴露于产生更多圆锥花序的植物所抵消。品种M7对臭氧和二氧化硫的抗性高于M9和S201。
Three cultivars of rice, Oryza sativa, M7, M9 and S201 were exposed in open-top field chambers to ozone and sulfur dioxide to determine the effects of these important air pollutants on field-grown plants. Exposures were for 15 weeks with ozone at 0, 98, 196, 294 or 392 μg m−3for 5 h day−1, 5 days week−1, and sulfur dioxide at 131, 262, 393 or 524 μg m−3for 24 h day−1, 5 days week−1. Three harvests of rice were made after 27 and 68 days and at the end of the exposures. At the first harvest following early plant growth, ozone at the highest concentrations resulted in reductions in growth whereas sulfur dioxide resulted in increased growth. At the second harvest, ozone-exposed plants continued to show reduced growth, whereas sulfur dioxide resulted only in reduced plant height. At the final and major harvest, ozone at 392 μg m−3reduced total seed weight 12, 29 and 21% in cultivars M7, M9 and S201, respectively. Weight of 100 seeds and straw weight were reduced in M9 and S201 and percent seed sterility in panicles was increased. Ozone reduced height of all cultivars and increased the number of panicles. Sulfur dioxide at 524 μg m−3reduced total seed weight of M9 and S201 by 22 and 14%, respectively, and weight per hundred seed by 11 and 10%, respectively. The results showed that ozone is much more injurious to rice per unit of pollutant than sulfur dioxide and that reduced yield due to both pollutants was caused mostly by reduced seed size. Increased seed sterility was partially offset by ozone exposure of the plants which produced more panicles. Cultivar M7 was more resistant to ozone or sulfur dioxide than M9 and S201.