The dynamics of preschoolers' categorization choices.
The dynamics of preschoolers' categorization choices.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01762.x
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发表时间：
1996-06
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
G. Deák;P. Bauer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Deák;P. Bauer
本研究探讨了刺激和任务因素对学龄前儿童（实验1和实验3）和成人（实验2）根据分类关系进行分类的倾向的影响。在实验1中，我们研究的影响和相互作用（a）可用的信息，操作使用更多或更少的信息刺激类型（对象与线条画）和标签的存在或不存在，和（B）的任务限制，操作比较排序问题与归纳推理问题。当提供的信息，约束的分类决策，无论是通过标签的可用性或增强的物理信息的对象和推理问题的组合，学龄前儿童可靠地基于他们的分类决策的物理上不同的项目之间的分类关系。在实验2中，刺激类型（对象与线条画）被证明对成人有类似的影响。实验三考察了刺激类型对幼儿归纳推理和命名准确性的影响。这两项任务的效果密切相关，表明可用信息的量以类似的方式影响不同的反应。这些数据表明，可用的信息和任务限制的分类决策的交互作用。
The present research explored the effects of stimulus and task factors on preschoolers' (Experiments 1 and 3) and adults' (Experiment 2) tendency to categorize according to taxonomic relations, when those relations conflict with appearances. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of and interactions among (a) available information, operationalized by using more- or less-informative stimulus types (objects vs. line drawings) and by the presence or absence of labeling, and (b) task constraints, operationalized by comparing sorting questions with inductive inferences questions. When provided with information that constrained the categorization decision, either through the availability of labels or a combination of enhanced physical informativeness of objects and an inference question, preschoolers reliably based their categorization decisions on taxonomic relations between physically dissimilar items. In Experiment 2, stimulus type (objects vs. line drawings) was shown to have a similar effect on adults. In Experiment 3, we examined the effects of stimulus type on preschoolers' inductive inferences and accuracy of naming. The effects in the two tasks were closely related, suggesting that the amount of available information affects different responses in similar ways. These data demonstrate the interactive effects of available information and task constraints on categorization decisions.