How can eating behavior be regulated in the complex environments of free-living humans?
How can eating behavior be regulated in the complex environments of free-living humans?
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DOI：
10.1016/0149-7634(95)00047-i
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发表时间：
1996-03-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
DeCastro, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeCastro, JM
人类在自然环境中的饮食行为受到众多营养、生理、心理、社会和文化因素的复杂影响。我们采用饮食日记法记录了以下因素的影响：饥饿的主观状态、进食开始时胃中剩余食物或液体的量及其成分、一天中的时间、一周中的星期几、月相、一年中的月份、地点、在场的其他人数量、就餐同伴与研究对象的关系、饮食节制以及饮食失调。最近，我们通过对双胞胎的研究表明，摄入食物和液体的量具有显著的遗传度，且与体型无关。通过观察在自由生活条件下的行为，可以辨别和测量这些因素在决定摄入量和摄入时间方面的相对重要性。分析表明，即时的环境心理、社会和文化刺激对摄入量有强大但短暂的影响。另一方面，生理刺激似乎对摄入量有微妙但持久的影响。它们的影响在短期内难以记录，但在长期内很明显。短期内的摄入量在很大程度上似乎不受调节，允许在相对较宽的范围内自发变化。生理变量似乎至少在一天后（通常更久）才会反馈，以改变总体的摄入偏差水平。持续的偏差会继续改变摄入量，导致摄入量的累积净变化，而随机短期影响的效果随着时间平均化，对摄入量没有净影响。
The eating behavior of humans in their natural environments is complexly affected by a myriad of nutritional, physiological, psychological, sociological and cultural factors. We have employed the diet diary technique to document the influence of: the subjective states of hunger, the amount of food or fluid remaining in the stomach at the onset of ingestion, and its composition, the time of day, day of the week, phase of the moon, month of the year, the location, the number of other people present, the relationship of eating companions to the subject, dietary restraint, and eating disorders. Recently we have demonstrated, with twins, significant heritabilities for the amounts of foods and fluids ingested, independent of body size. By viewing behavior in freeliving conditions the relative importance of these factors in the determination of the amounts and timing of intake can be discerned and measured. The analysis indicates that immediate environmental psychological, social, and cultural stimuli exert powerful but short-lived effects on intake. Physiological stimuli, on the other hand, appear to influence intake subtly but persistently. Their influences are difficult to document on the short-term, but clear over long periods of time. Short-term intake for the most part would appear to be unregulated and allowed to vary spontaneously within a relatively wide range. Physiological variables appear to feed back after a delay of at least a day and usually longer to alter the overall level of intake bias. The persistent bias continues to shift intake, producing a cumulative net alteration of intake, while the effects of random short-term influences average over time, and result in no net effect on intake.