A primarily serial, foveal accumulator underlies approximate numerical estimation
A primarily serial, foveal accumulator underlies approximate numerical estimation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1819956116
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发表时间：
2019-09-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Piantadosi, Steven T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheyette, Samuel J.;Piantadosi, Steven T.
近似数系统（ANS）由于其在早期数学发展中的潜在重要性以及它在物种间保守的事实而引起了广泛的兴趣。ANS敏锐度的ANS和行为测量的模型都假设在整个视觉场景中快速且并行地计算数量估计。相反，我们提出的证据表明，ANS估计主要是一个连续的积累机制的产品，在视觉固定操作。我们使用眼动仪来收集参与者在进行数量估计和辨别任务时的视觉注视数据。我们能够使用参与者的视觉注视数据预测他们的数值估计：随着注视点数量的增加，平均估计值也增加，估计误差减少。一个详细的基于模型的分析表明，固定点的贡献是周边点的两倍，以估计数量;人们不“双重计数”乘以固定点;他们不调整的面积在场景中，他们已经固定的比例。我们提出的积累机制解释了显示时间对估计的影响，以及先前发现的低估数量的偏见。
The approximate number system (ANS) has attracted broad interest due to its potential importance in early mathematical development and the fact that it is conserved across species. Models of the ANS and behavioral measures of ANS acuity both assume that quantity estimation is computed rapidly and in parallel across an entire view of the visual scene. We present evidence instead that ANS estimates are largely the product of a serial accumulation mechanism operating across visual fixations. We used an eye-tracker to collect data on participants' visual fixations while they performed quantity-estimation and -discrimination tasks. We were able to predict participants' numerical estimates using their visual fixation data: As the number of dots fixated increased, mean estimates also increased, and estimation error decreased. A detailed model-based analysis shows that fixated dots contribute twice as much as peripheral dots to estimated quantities; people do not "double count" multiply fixated dots; and they do not adjust for the proportion of area in the scene that they have fixated. The accumulation mechanism we propose explains reported effects of display time on estimation and earlier findings of a bias to underestimate quantities.