A dynamic deep sleep stage in Drosophila.
A dynamic deep sleep stage in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0061-13.2013
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发表时间：
2013-04-17
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
van Swinderen B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
van Alphen B;Yap MH;Kirszenblat L;Kottler B;van Swinderen B
如何判断像苍蝇这样的简单动物是否是分阶段睡眠的呢？哺乳动物的睡眠是一个动态过程，涉及不同阶段的睡眠强度，这些通常与大脑活动的可测量变化有关。无脊椎动物不同睡眠阶段的证据仍然难以捉摸，即使已经很好地确定许多无脊椎动物物种需要睡眠。在这里，我们使用电生理学和觉醒测试范式来证明果蝇，黑腹果蝇，在长时间的不活动中，在深度睡眠和浅睡眠之间过渡，在~15和~30分钟的不活动后，睡眠强度更深。与哺乳动物一样，果蝇动态睡眠过程的时间和强度受到行为经验的稳态调节和调节。与突触可塑性有关的两种分子调节第一个深度睡眠阶段的强度。白天环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）的光遗传上调增加了夜间的睡眠强度，而参与突触修剪的分子脆性X智力低下蛋白（FMRP）的功能丧失增加了白天的睡眠强度。我们的研究结果表明，睡眠是不均匀的昆虫，并建议清醒的行为和相关的突触可塑性机制决定的时间和深度睡眠阶段的果蝇。
How might one determine whether simple animals such as flies sleep in stages? Sleep in mammals is a dynamic process involving different stages of sleep intensity, and these are typically associated with measurable changes in brain activity. Evidence for different sleep stages in invertebrates remains elusive, even though it has been well established that many invertebrate species require sleep. Here we use electrophysiology and arousal-testing paradigms to show that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, transitions between deeper and lighter sleep within extended bouts of inactivity, with deeper sleep intensities after ~15 and ~30 minutes of inactivity. As in mammals, the timing and intensity of these dynamic sleep processes in flies is homeostatically regulated and modulated by behavioral experience. Two molecules linked to synaptic plasticity regulate the intensity of the first deep sleep stage. Optogenetic upregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) during the day increases sleep intensity at night, whereas loss of function of a molecule involved in synaptic pruning, the fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP), increases sleep intensity during the day. Our results show that sleep is not homogenous in insects, and suggest that waking behavior and associated synaptic plasticity mechanisms determine the timing and intensity of deep sleep stages in Drosophila.