Fate and Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Snowpacks into a Lake in the High Arctic of Canada
Fate and Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Snowpacks into a Lake in the High Arctic of Canada
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b03372
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发表时间：
2019-09-17
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
De Silva, Amila O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maclnnis, John J.;Lehnherr, Igor;De Silva, Amila O.
全氟烷基物质（PFAS）从积雪进入位于埃尔斯米尔岛（加拿大努纳武特，北纬82度）的哈岑湖表明，每年的大气沉积是在北极高纬度地区经历复杂循环的PFAS的主要来源。积雪中的全氟烷基羧酸（PFCA）显示出远距离大气迁移和挥发性前体氧化的奇偶浓度比特征。积雪中的主要离子分析表明，海雾，矿物粉尘，燃烧气溶胶都有关的命运PFAS在湖哈岑流域。不同的漂移的光和暗的雪（富含光吸收颗粒，LAPs）促进粒子负载的命运PFAS在积雪的研究。总PFAS（Sigma PFAS，ng m（-2））负载较低的积雪丰富的LAP，并归因于减少积雪融化结合增强沉积后融化。与有冰或无冰期间相比，在融雪期间，在水柱顶部5米处观察到全氟乙酸浓度升高。在深沃茨的湖哈岑水柱PFAS浓度是一致的融雪，无冰，冰覆盖的时期，这是由于交付的密集和浑浊的冰川融水混合PFAS整个湖哈岑水柱。这些观察结果强调了高北极湖泊中PFAS循环的潜在机制，特别是在颗粒负荷增加和融化的背景下。
The delivery of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from snowpacks into Lake Hazen, located on Ellesmere Island (Nunavut, Canada, 82 degrees N) indicates that annual atmospheric deposition is a major source of PFAS that undergo complex cycling in the High Arctic. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) in snowpacks display odd-even concentration ratios characteristic of long-range atmospheric transport and oxidation of volatile precursors. Major ion analysis in snowpacks suggests that sea spray, mineral dust, and combustion aerosol are all relevant to the fate of PFAS in the Lake Hazen watershed. Distinct drifts of light and dark snow (enriched with light absorbing particles, LAPs) facilitate the study of particle loads on the fate of PFAS in the snowpack. Total PFAS (Sigma PFAS, ng m(-2)) loads are lower in snowpacks enriched with LAPs and are attributed to reductions in snowpack albedo combined with enhanced post-depositional melting. Elevated concentrations of PFCA are observed in the top 5 m of the water column during snowmelt periods compared to ice-covered or ice-free periods. PFAS concentrations in deep waters of the Lake Hazen water column were consistent between snowmelt, ice-free, and ice-covered periods, which is ascribed to the delivery of dense and turbid glacier meltwaters mixing PFAS throughout the Lake Hazen water column. These observations highlight the underlying mechanisms in PFAS cycling in High Arctic Lakes particularly in the context of increased particle loads and melting.