Deterministic quantum nonlinear optics with single atoms and virtual photons
Deterministic quantum nonlinear optics with single atoms and virtual photons
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.95.063849
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发表时间：
2017-06-29
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Nori, Franco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kockum, Anton Frisk;Miranowicz, Adam;Nori, Franco
我们展示了如何用一个或多个与一种或多种谐振器模式耦合的两能级原子来实现大量众所周知的非线性光学现象的模拟。通过创建和湮灭虚拟光子的高阶过程，可以在此类系统的两个状态之间创建有效的确定性耦合。通过这种方式，可以实现三波混频、四波混频、高次谐波和次谐波产生（即上变频和下变频）、多光子吸收、参量放大、拉曼和超拉曼散射、克尔效应以及其他非线性过程的模拟。与非线性光学的大多数传统实现相比，这些类似物可以达到单位效率，仅使用最少量的光子（它们不需要任何强大的外部驱动），并且不需要超过两个原子能级。我们提出的设置中有效耦合的强度变得越弱，需要的中间过渡步骤越多。然而，鉴于最近在超强光-物质耦合和工程量子系统相干时间改进方面取得的实验进展，特别是在电路量子电动力学领域，我们估计许多非线性光学模拟可以通过当前可用的技术来实现。
We show how analogs of a large number of well-known nonlinear-optics phenomena can be realized with one or more two-level atoms coupled to one or more resonator modes. Through higher-order processes, where virtual photons are created and annihilated, an effective deterministic coupling between two states of such a system can be created. In this way, analogs of three-wave mixing, four-wave mixing, higher-harmonic and -subharmonic generation (i.e., up- and down-conversion), multiphoton absorption, parametric amplification, Raman and hyper-Raman scattering, the Kerr effect, and other nonlinear processes can be realized. In contrast to most conventional implementations of nonlinear optics, these analogs can reach unit efficiency, only use a minimal number of photons (they do not require any strong external drive), and do not require more than two atomic levels. The strength of the effective coupling in our proposed setups becomes weaker the more intermediate transition steps are needed. However, given the recent experimental progress in ultrastrong light-matter coupling and improvement of coherence times for engineered quantum systems, especially in the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics, we estimate that many of these nonlinear-optics analogs can be realized with currently available technology.