Body size in five-year-old twins: Heritability and comparison to singleton standards
Body size in five-year-old twins: Heritability and comparison to singleton standards
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DOI：
10.1375/183242706778553417
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Boomsma, Dorret I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Estourgie-van Burk, G. Frederiek;Bartels, Meike;Boomsma, Dorret I.
本研究的目的是检查在荷兰双胞胎登记册上登记的5岁儿童的身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）的个体差异的原因。此外，通过将双胞胎的数据与荷兰的参考生长数据进行比较，并通过观察双胞胎的目标身高（来自父母的身高），我们检验了双胞胎研究的结果是否可以扩展到独生子女群体。对于2996对5岁的双胞胎，可以获得身高、体重和父母身高的信息。对身高和体重进行单因素和双因素遗传分析，并对BMI进行单因素遗传分析。为了将双胞胎与单胎人群进行比较，身高、BMI和目标身高的标准偏差分数（SIDS）是根据荷兰1997年以来一般人群的参考增长图表计算出来的。遗传影响是身高、体重和BMI变异的重要来源，也是身高和体重共变异的主要来源。加性遗传因素分别占男孩和女孩身高个体差异的69%和66%。体重方面，男孩和女孩的遗传率分别为59%和78%，BMI则分别为34%和74%。普通环境对男孩和女孩身高的影响分别为25%和27%，对体重的影响分别为24%和10%，对BMI的影响分别为44%和12%。双变量模型显示影响身高和体重的基因之间有很大的重叠。基因解释了78%（男孩）和76%（女孩）体重和身高之间的协方差。5岁时，女双胞胎身高与独生子女相当，而男双胞胎身高低于独生子女。然而，男孩和女孩的平均身高SDS比平均目标身高低0.6个标准差。所有双胞胎的体重指数都低于单胎。与单胎相比，双胞胎长得相当好，但他们的身高低于目标身高。这可能是由于双胞胎父母的身高高于平均水平。
The aim of this study is to examine causes of individual differences in height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in 5-year-old children registered with the Netherlands Twin Register. In addition, we examine whether the results of twin studies can be expanded to the singleton population by comparing the data from twins to Dutch reference growth data and by looking at the twins' target height, which was derived from parental height. For 2996 5-year-old twin pairs, information on height and weight and on parental height was available. Univariate and bivariate genetic analyses of height and weight and univariate analyses of BMI were conducted. In order to compare the twins to the singleton population, standard deviation scores (SIDS) for height, BMI and target height were calculated based on Dutch reference growth charts for the general population from 1997. Genetic influences were an important source of variation in height, weight and BMI and the main source of covariation between height and weight. Additive genetic factors accounted for 69% and 66% of the individual differences in height in boys and girls, respectively. For weight, heritability estimates were 59% in boys and 78% in girls and for BMI 34% and 74%. The influence of common environment on height was 25% and 27%, on weight 24% and 10% and on BMI 44% and 12% in boys and girls. The bivariate model showed a large overlap between the genes influencing height and weight. Genes explain 78% (in boys) and 76% (in girls) of the covariance between weight and height. At the age of 5 years, female twins were as tall as singleton children, while male twins were shorter than singletons. For both boys and girls, however, mean height SDS was 0.6 standard deviation scores below the mean target height. All twins had lower BMI than singletons. Twins grow fairly well compared to singletons, but they grow below their target height. This may be due to the above average height of twin parents.