Constructing International Politics
Constructing International Politics
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构建国际政治
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alexander Wendt
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作者：
Alexander Wendt
米尔斯海默的《国际机构的虚假承诺》在两个方面尤其受欢迎。首先，这是迄今为止新现实主义者对关键国际关系(IR)理论进行的最系统的尝试。‘第二，它提醒通常陷入自己的拉锯战的新自由主义者和批评理论家，他们对国际生活的制度基础有着共同的、非现实主义的兴趣。3因此，“虚假承诺”可能会促使各方进行富有成效的讨论。不幸的是，对于大多数批判性的理论家来说，很难认真对待他们的研究计划中充满了混杂、半真半假和误解的讨论。然而，在某种程度上，当一种文化的人类学家首先探索另一种文化时，误解是不可避免的。这两种文化早该对话了，而“虚假承诺”是一个良好的开端。然而，批判性IR“理论”并不是一种单一的理论。它是一个理论家族，包括后现代主义者(阿什利、沃克)、建构主义者(阿德勒、克拉托切尔、鲁吉，现在是卡森斯坦)、新马克思主义者(考克斯、吉尔)、女权主义者(彼得森、西尔维斯特)等。将他们联系在一起的是对世界政治如何“社会建构”的担忧，这涉及两个基本主张：国际政治的基本结构是社会的，而不是严格意义上的物质(反对唯物主义的主张)，以及这些结构
~ J o h n J. Mearsheimer’s “The False Promise of International Institutions”’ is welcome particularly in two respects. First, it is the most systematic attempt to date by a neorealist to address critical international relations (IR) theory.‘ Second, it reminds neoliberals and critical theorists, normally locked in their own tug-of-war, that they have a common, non-realist interest in the institutional bases of international life.3 ”False Promise” is likely, therefore, to spur productive discussions on all sides. Unfortunately, it will be hard for most critical theorists to take seriously a discussion of their research program so full of conflations, half-truths, and misunderstandings. However, to some extent misunderstanding is inevitable when anthropologists from one culture first explore another. A dialogue between these two cultures is overdue, and ”False Promise” is a good beginning. Critical IR ”theory,” however, is not a single theory. It is a family of theories that includes postmodernists (Ashley, Walker), constructivists (Adler, Kratochwil, Ruggie, and now Katzenstein), neo-Marxists (Cox, Gill), feminists (Peterson, Sylvester), and others. What unites them is a concern with how world politics is ”socially c~nstructed,”~ which involves two basic claims: that the fundamental structures of international politics are social rather than strictly material (a claim that opposes materialism), and that these structures