Hypoxic Training: Effect on Mitochondrial Function and Aerobic Performance in Hypoxia
Hypoxic Training: Effect on Mitochondrial Function and Aerobic Performance in Hypoxia
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000000321
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lundby, Carsten
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文献类型：
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作者：
Robach, Paul;Bonne, Thomas;Lundby, Carsten
目的：低氧训练对运动能力的影响目前仍存在争议。在这里，我们测试了以下假设：i）低氧训练在海平面和海拔高度具有致能作用，ii）这些益处主要是由骨骼肌线粒体功能的改善介导的。研究方法：我们采用双盲和随机设计，在常氧（安慰剂，n = 8）或常压缺氧（FIO 2 = 0.15，n = 9）条件下，对接受6周耐力训练（每周3-4次，每次60 min）的中度训练受试者进行有氧运动能力（递增至力竭测试和设定工作量的时间试验）。运动试验在常氧和急性缺氧（FIO 2 = 0.15）下进行。通过高分辨率呼吸测量法测量骨骼肌线粒体呼吸能力和电子偶联效率。通过一氧化碳再呼吸评估总血红蛋白质量。结果如下：骨骼肌呼吸能力没有改变训练或缺氧，然而，电子耦合控制各自的脂肪氧化略有减少与低氧训练。低血糖训练增加总血红蛋白质量的幅度大于安慰剂组（8.4% vs 3.3%，P = 0.02）。在常氧条件下，低氧训练对最大摄氧量和计时成绩没有增加作用。在急性低氧条件下，低氧训练对最大摄氧量没有优势，但对计时成绩的提高比常氧训练高（52%比32%，P = 0.09）。结论：我们的数据表明，在中度训练的受试者，6周的低氧训练在海平面上没有致能作用。不排除低氧训练可能有助于在中等海拔地区的耐力;然而，这个问题仍然是开放的，需要进一步研究。
Purpose: The effects of hypoxic training on exercise performance remain controversial. Here, we tested the hypotheses that i) hypoxic training possesses ergogenic effects at sea level and altitude and ii) the benefits are primarily mediated by improved mitochondrial function of the skeletal muscle. Methods: We determined aerobic performance (incremental test to exhaustion and time trial for a set amount of work) in moderately trained subjects undergoing 6 wk of endurance training (3-4 times per week, 60 min per session) in normoxia (placebo, n = 8) or normobaric hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.15, n = 9) using a double-blind and randomized design. Exercise tests were performed in normoxia and acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.15). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacities and electron coupling efficiencies were measured via high-resolution respirometry. Total hemoglobin mass was assessed by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Results: Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity was not altered by training or hypoxia; however, electron coupling control respective to fat oxidation slightly diminished with hypoxic training. Hypoxic training did increase total hemoglobin mass more than the placebo (8.4% vs 3.3%, P = 0.02). In normoxia, hypoxic training had no additive effect on maximal measures of oxygen uptake or time trial performance. In acute hypoxia, hypoxic training conferred no advantage on maximal oxygen uptake but tended to enhance time trial performance more than normoxic training (52% vs 32%, P = 0.09). Conclusions: Our data suggest that, in moderately trained subjects, 6 wk of hypoxic training possesses no ergogenic effect at sea level. It is not excluded that hypoxic training might facilitate endurance capacity at moderate altitude; however, this issue is still open and needs to be further examined.