Asian pragmatism
Asian pragmatism
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亚洲实用主义
DOI：
10.1093/embo-reports/kvf189
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Sara Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sara Harris
干细胞研究是一个快速发展的领域。几乎每隔一周就会发表一篇文章，扩展科学家的知识，探索细胞治疗各种疾病的治疗潜力，如帕金森病或糖尿病。但由于这项研究涉及使用来自人类胚胎的细胞，这些细胞在这个过程中被破坏，它也引发了关于其伦理和道德影响的激烈辩论。事实上，这些被认为是如此重要，以至于各国现在已经起草了法律的框架，以平衡潜在的治疗应用与使用人类胚胎的伦理问题。虽然美国、英国和德国的辩论和立法过程引起了媒体的强烈兴趣，但日本将人类胚胎干细胞（ES）研究合法化的务实决定几乎被国际媒体忽视。
日本将人类胚胎干细胞研究合法化的决定几乎被国际媒体忽视
去年，小泉纯一郎首相的政府批准了胚胎干细胞系用于基础研究。这种法律的情况不仅允许研究人员进口和使用现有的细胞系，而且还允许他们从受精的人类卵子中产生新的细胞系。2001年9月，文部科学省发布了长达10页的指导方针，以规范ES细胞的使用和开发。这些指导方针为申请人制定了两级审批程序，首先是机构层面，然后是政府层面。研究人员必须解释其研究提案的前景和性质，证明他们在使用其他物种干细胞方面的熟练程度和经验，指定主要研究人员并定期提交进展报告。此外，申请人必须确定负责内部道德审查的人，他们判断标准。
Stem cell research is a rapidly developing field. Nearly every other week another article is published that expands scientists ‘knowledge and explores the cells’ therapeutic potential to treat a variety of disorders, such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes. But since this research involves using cells derived from human embryos, which are destroyed in the process, it has also sparked an intense debate about its ethical and moral implications. Indeed, these have been regarded as so important that various countries have now drafted legal frameworks to balance the potential therapeutic applications against the ethical concerns of using human embryos. While the debate and the legislation process in the USA, the UK and Germany have raised an intense media interest, Japan's pragmatic decision to legalise research using human embryonic stem (ES) cells has been virtually ignored by the international media.
> Japan's decision to legalise research using human embryonic stem cells has been virtually ignored by the international media
Last year, the government of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi approved the use of ES cell lines for basic research. The legal situation not only allows researchers to import and use existing cell lines but also to generate new ones from fertilised human eggs. Soon after this ruling, in September 2001, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) issued 10 pages of guidelines to regulate the use and development of ES cells. These guidelines lay out a two‐tier approval process for applicants, first at the institutional and then at the governmental level. Researchers must explain the prospect and nature of their research proposal, prove their proficiency and experience in using stem cells from other species, name the principal researchers and regularly submit reports on their progress. Furthermore, applicants must identify those in charge of the internal ethical review, who judge the criteria …