Toward a forest transition across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome
Toward a forest transition across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome
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DOI：
10.3389/ffgc.2023.1071495
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva;Emilio F Moran;A. Viña;J. Millington;Yue Dou;S. Vieira;Maria Claudia Lopez;Jianguo Liu
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva;Emilio F Moran;A. Viña;J. Millington;Yue Dou;S. Vieira;Maria Claudia Lopez;Jianguo Liu
世界已进入联合国生态系统恢复十年（2021-2030年），但世界许多地区仍面临环境退化问题。在此背景下，出现了一个问题：在何种条件下某一区域可以从环境退化的轨道转向环境恢复？解决这个问题是科学界、政策制定者和领导恢复项目规划和实施的组织的一项重要奋进。这项研究探讨了一些人类环境条件的基础上，在一个地区，经历了环境退化的自然森林覆盖的净收益：大西洋森林生物群落，巴西。利用土地利用/覆盖（LULC）数据，我们评估了1987-2001年和2001-2015年期间森林覆盖的损失和连续增加。农业和经济的生态系统层面统计数据以及土地利用、土地利用的变化和生物物理数据被用于开发评估森林覆盖轨迹的模型。在1987-2001年期间经历森林净损失的1，972个城市中，59%的城市在2001-2015年期间将其轨迹转变为净收益。这种转变被称为森林转型，遵循一条复杂的社会经济途径，其特征是：（i）传统农业活动停滞，有利于机械化农业取代牧场，（ii）非农业农村活动的出现以及多功能景观。此外，降水量减少的趋势似乎与土地撂荒有关，因此有利于自然植被的恢复。我们的研究结果表明，如果环境和土地法规利用特定的环境依赖的情况下，促进净森林收益，在生物群落水平的森林过渡是可能的。
The world has entered the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), yet many regions of the world still face environmental degradation. In this context a question arises: under what conditions may a given region shift from a trajectory of environmental degradation to environmental recovery? Answering this question constitutes an important endeavor for the scientific community, policymakers, and organizations leading the planning and implementation of restoration projects. This study examines some of the human-environment conditions underpinning the net gains in natural forest cover in a region that has experienced environmental degradation: the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. Using land-use/cover (LULC) data, we assessed the loss and successive gain in forest cover during the 1987–2001 and 2001–2015 periods. Municipality-level statistics on agriculture and economy, together with LULC and biophysical data, were used to develop models for assessing forest cover trajectories. Of the 1,972 municipalities experiencing net forest loss during the 1987–2001 period, 59% shifted their trajectory to a net gain during the 2001–2015 period. This shift, known as forest transition, followed a complex socio-economic pathway characterized by (i) the stagnation of traditional agricultural activities favoring the replacement of pasturelands by mechanized agriculture, and (ii) the emergence of non-agricultural rural activities together with multifunctional landscapes. Furthermore, a trend of decrease in precipitation seems to be associated with land abandonment, thus, favoring the return of natural vegetation. Our findings suggest that forest transition at the biome level is possible if environmental and land regulations take advantage of specific context-dependent situations that foster net forest gains.