On the Role of E‐F Region Coupling in the Generation of Nighttime MSTIDs During Summer and Equinox: Case Studies Over Northern Germany

On the Role of E‐F Region Coupling in the Generation of Nighttime MSTIDs During Summer and Equinox: Case Studies Over Northern Germany
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夏季和春分期间 E−F 区域耦合在夜间 MSTID 生成中的作用:德国北部案例研究

DOI:
10.1029/2021ja030159
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shinbori, Atsuki
Shinbori, Atsuki
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sivakandan, Mani;Martinis, Carlos;Otsuka, Yuichi;Chau, Jorge L.;Norrell, Jessica;Mielich, Jens;Conte, J. Federico;Stolle, Claudia;Rodríguez‐Zuluaga, J.;Shinbori, Atsuki

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利用630 nm全天空气辉成像仪、GNSS TEC接收机和电离层探测仪的同步观测,研究了E区和F区耦合对中等尺度电离层移动扰动(MSTID)产生的作用。主要观测数据是由位于Kühlungsborn(54.07°N; 11.46°E,53.79°N Mlat.)的全天空成像仪拍摄的OI 630 nm气辉图像,德国北方的一个地方。在226个夜晚的观测中,只有18个夜晚发现了MSTID,这表明Kühlungsborn的发生率很低。我们关注了四个MSTID事件:两个在春分期间,两个在夏天。对去除趋势的GNSS TEC的一致测量支持了选定事件期间MSTID的存在,以及Juliusruh(54.60°N,13.4°E,54.02°N Mlat)电离层探测仪的同步观测。分别在E-和F-区显示零星的-E(Es)层和扩散-F活性。我们观测到MSTID的起始位置在东经15° ~ 20 °和北纬60 ° ~ 45°附近。此外,我们发现,在每种情况下,MSTID的开始与观察到的具有零星E迹线(foEs)的Es层的存在一致,超过4 MHz。这表明具有foEs ≥ 4 MHz的Es层是这些MSTI的产生源。Es层的高度可能是产生MSTID的另一个重要因素。Es层应该存在于霍尔电导率大的海拔高度,就像本研究中发生的那样。
Simultaneous observations from a 630 nm all‐sky airglow imager, GNSS‐TEC receivers, and an ionosonde are used to investigate the role of E‐ and F‐region coupling on the generation of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). The primary observations are OI 630 nm airglow images taken by an all‐sky imager in Kühlungsborn (54.07°N; 11.46°E, 53.79°N Mlat.), a site in northern Germany. Out of 226 nights of observations, MSTIDs were found only in 18 nights, demonstrating the low occurrence rate over Kühlungsborn. We focused on four MSTIDs events: two during the vernal equinox and two during summer. Coincident measurements of detrended GNSS‐TEC supported the presence of MSTIDs during the selected events, and simultaneous observations from the ionosonde in Juliusruh (54.60°N, 13.4°E, 54.02°N Mlat.) showed sporadic‐E (Es) layer and spread‐F activity in the E‐ and F‐region, respectively. We observed the onset of the observed MSTIDs to be around the 15°–20°E longitude and 60–45°N latitude belts. Additionally, we found that in each case, the onset of MSTIDs coincides with the presence of an Es layer with sporadic‐E trace is observed (foEs) exceeding 4 MHz. This suggests that an Es layer with foEs ≥ 4MHz was a source of the generation of these MSTIDs. Altitude of the Es layer could be another important factor in generating MSTIDs. The Es layer should exist at an altitude where Hall conductivity is large, as happened in the present study.
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