That awkward age for butterflies:: Insights from the age of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
That awkward age for butterflies:: Insights from the age of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/10635150600913235
复制
发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Wahlberg, Niklas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wahlberg, Niklas
蝴蝶历史地理学的研究一直受到阻碍，缺乏很好的解决和估计的时间跨度蝴蝶已经进化。近年来，各种蝴蝶类群的系统发育假说层出不穷，但对这类昆虫分化年龄的估计仍处于起步阶段。主要的问题是蝴蝶的化石记录稀少。在这项研究中，我使用了令人惊讶的好化石记录的亚科Nymphalinae（鳞翅目：Nymphalidae）估计年龄的多样化的主要谱系使用贝叶斯松弛时钟方法。我研究了不同先验对分析中后验估计的影响。对于这个数据集，很明显，在内组节点的分子进化速率的先验对结果的影响最大。考虑到这一点，我已经能够得出一个可信的血统分裂的历史，这似乎与已知的古地质事件有关。该亚科似乎在大约6500万年前的K/T事件后不久就多样化了。一些分裂与重大的古地质事件相吻合，例如大约2100万年前非洲和亚洲大陆的连接，以及3500万至3300万年前连接现在的大安的列斯群岛和南美洲大陆的半岛的存在。我的研究结果表明，蛱蝶科的年龄比推测的蝴蝶整体年龄7000万年要大。[ Bayesian relaxed clock;鳞翅目;蛱蝶科;第三纪;时间分歧。]
The study of the historical biogeography of butterflies has been hampered by a lack of well-resolved phylogenies and a good estimate of the temporal span over which butterflies have evolved. Recently there has been surge of phylogenetic hypotheses for various butterfly groups, but estimating ages of divergence is still in its infancy for this group of insects. The main problem has been the sparse fossil record for butterflies. In this study I have used a surprisingly good fossil record for the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) to estimate the ages of diversification of major lineages using Bayesian relaxed clock methods. I have investigated the effects of varying priors on posterior estimates in the analyses. For this data set, it is clear that the prior of the rate of molecular evolution at the ingroup node had the largest effect on the results. Taking this into account, I have been able to arrive at a plausible history of lineage splits, which appears to be correlated with known paleogeological events. The subfamily appears to have diversified soon after the K/T event about 65 million years ago. Several splits are coincident with major paleogeological events, such as the connection of the African and Asian continents about 21 million years ago and the presence of a peninsula of land connecting the current Greater Antilles to the South American continent 35 to 33 million years ago. My results suggest that the age of Nymphalidae is older than the 70 million years speculated to be the age of butterflies as a whole. [ Bayesian relaxed clock; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae; tertiary; timing divergences.]