Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments
Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments
复制标题
描述累积风险评估的风险特征
作者：
M. Macdonell;R. Hertzberg;G. Rice;J. Wright;L. Teuschler
在评估环境健康风险时，风险表征步骤综合了评估应激源暴露时收集的信息以及剂量-反应关系、暴露人群的特征和外部环境条件。本文总结了累积风险评估(CRA)的关键步骤，并讨论了表征累积风险的注意事项。累积风险特征与基于单一化学品或单一来源的风险特征有很大不同。CRAS通常侧重于特定人群，而不是污染物或污染源，并应包括对造成人群暴露的所有相关来源以及影响剂量-反应关系的其他因素的评估。其次，CRA可能包括有影响的环境和特定于人群的条件，涉及多种化学和非化学应激源。第三，CRA可以检查多种健康影响，反映联合毒性和毒理学相互作用的可能性。第四，这种复杂性往往需要简化方法，包括基于判断的指数和半定量指数，这些指数将不同的数据分解为数字分数。第五，由于较高的维度和潜在的大量相互作用，量化风险所需的信息通常是不完整的，需要进行不确定性分析。提出了三种可用于表征CRA风险的方法：多路径危险指数，按暴露和毒性对应激源进行分组，以及筛选多个因素和条件的指数。还介绍了评估机构风险特征的其他关键作用，主要是翻译方面，包括为非专业读者提供特征摘要(除技术分析外)，并将结果放在可能基于风险的决定的背景下。
In assessing environmental health risks, the risk characterization step synthesizes information gathered in evaluating exposures to stressors together with dose–response relationships, characteristics of the exposed population, and external environmental conditions. This article summarizes key steps of a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) followed by a discussion of considerations for characterizing cumulative risks. Cumulative risk characterizations differ considerably from single chemical‐ or single source‐based risk characterization. CRAs typically focus on a specific population instead of a pollutant or pollutant source and should include an evaluation of all relevant sources contributing to the exposures in the population and other factors that influence dose–response relationships. Second, CRAs may include influential environmental and population‐specific conditions, involving multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors. Third, a CRA could examine multiple health effects, reflecting joint toxicity and the potential for toxicological interactions. Fourth, the complexities often necessitate simplifying methods, including judgment‐based and semi‐quantitative indices that collapse disparate data into numerical scores. Fifth, because of the higher dimensionality and potentially large number of interactions, information needed to quantify risk is typically incomplete, necessitating an uncertainty analysis. Three approaches that could be used for characterizing risks in a CRA are presented: the multiroute hazard index, stressor grouping by exposure and toxicity, and indices for screening multiple factors and conditions. Other key roles of the risk characterization in CRAs are also described, mainly the translational aspect of including a characterization summary for lay readers (in addition to the technical analysis), and placing the results in the context of the likely risk‐based decisions.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Braun JM;Gennings C;Hauser R;Webster TF
通讯作者：
Webster TF
影响因子：
5
作者：
Wang, Molin;Kuchiba, Aya;Ogino, Shuji
通讯作者：
Ogino, Shuji