Targeting energy justice: Exploring spatial, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban residential heating energy efficiency
Targeting energy justice: Exploring spatial, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban residential heating energy efficiency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2016.07.048
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Tony G. Reames
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tony G. Reames
燃料贫穷，即家庭无力负担适当的能源服务，例如供暖，是能源司法方面的一个主要问题。提高住宅能源效率是一项战略性的燃料贫困干预措施。然而，缺乏易于获取的家庭能源数据阻碍了能源效率计划的有效目标。本文利用公开数据、自下而上模型和小区域估计技术，预测了密苏里州堪萨斯城人口普查街区平均住宅供暖能源使用强度（EUI），这是一种能源效率代理。利用地理信息系统（GIS）和统计分析绘制的结果显示，供暖EUI与空间、种族/民族和社会经济街区群体特征之间的关系存在差异。平均而言，收入中位数较低、贫困家庭比例较高、种族/少数民族户主家庭比例较高、受过高中以下教育的成年人比例较高的街区群体能源效率较低（欧盟指数较高）。结果还表明，继续影响城市住房选择的种族隔离使黑人和西班牙裔家庭更容易遭受燃料贫困。最后，弱势群体的空间集中度和人口结构表明，主动的、以区域和社区为目标的能效援助计划可能比现有的自我推荐方法更有效。
Fuel poverty, the inability of households to afford adequate energy services, such as heating, is a major energy justice concern. Increasing residential energy efficiency is a strategic fuel poverty intervention. However, the absence of easily accessible household energy data impedes effective targeting of energy efficiency programs. This paper uses publicly available data, bottom-up modeling and small-area estimation techniques to predict the mean census block group residential heating energy use intensity (EUI), an energy efficiency proxy, in Kansas City, Missouri. Results mapped using geographic information systems (GIS) and statistical analysis, show disparities in the relationship between heating EUI and spatial, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic block group characteristics. Block groups with lower median incomes, a greater percentage of households below poverty, a greater percentage of racial/ethnic minority headed-households, and a larger percentage of adults with less than a high school education were, on average, less energy efficient (higher EUIs). Results also imply that racial segregation, which continues to influence urban housing choices, exposes Black and Hispanic households to increased fuel poverty vulnerability. Lastly, the spatial concentration and demographics of vulnerable block groups suggest proactive, area- and community-based targeting of energy efficiency assistance programs may be more effective than existing self-referral approaches.