Peripheral motor dynamics of song production in the zehra finch
Peripheral motor dynamics of song production in the zehra finch
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1298.009
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cooper, BG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goller, F;Cooper, BG
鸣禽的歌唱行为是学习行为运动控制的模型系统。其中枢运动程序的目标器官是涉及声音产生的各种肌肉系统。对歌曲产生的这些外围运动机制的研究是了解不同运动系统如何协调的第一步。在这里，我们回顾了斑胸草雀 (Taeniopygia guttata) 参与歌曲产生和修饰的所有主要运动系统的生理学研究。斑胸草雀鸣叫的声学音节是由特有的气囊压力模式产生的。呼气肌肉活动的肌电图 (EMG) 和声测法记录表明，呼吸运动控制与气流的注射器门控紧密协调。支气管气流的记录表明，大多数歌曲音节都是由鸣管两侧同时独立的贡献组成的。鸣管中产生的声音可以通过上声道的共振特性来改变。气管长度影响共振，但气管长度的动态变化不太可能对声音修饰做出实质性贡献。然而，鸣叫期间喙的运动有助于改变声音，并可能影响阴唇的振动行为。喙孔径的快速变化与单个音节声学结构的非线性转变有关。呼吸和注射运动系统之间的协同作用，以及独特的双侧、同时和独立的声音产生，再加上歌曲声学结构的动态修改，使斑胸草雀成为探索复杂学习行为背后的感觉运动整合机制的优秀模型系统。
Singing behavior in songbirds is a model system for motor control of learned behavior. The target organs of its central motor programs are the various muscle systems involved in sound generation. Investigation of these peripheral motor mechanisms of song production is the first step toward an understanding of how different motor systems are coordinated. Here we review physiological studies of all major motor systems that are involved in song production and modification in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Acoustic syllables of zebra finch song are produced by a characteristic air sac pressure pattern. Electromyographic (EMG) and sonomicrometric recording of expiratory muscle activity reveals that respiratory motor control is tightly coordinated with syringeal gating of airflow. Recordings of bronchial airflow demonstrate that most of the song syllables are composed of simultaneous independent contributions from the two sides of the syrinx. Sounds generated in the syrinx can be modified by the resonance properties of the upper vocal tract. Tracheal length affects resonance, but dynamic changes of tracheal length are unlikely to make a substantial contribution to sound modification. However, beak movements during song contribute to sound modification and, possibly, affect the vibratory behavior of the labia. Rapid beak aperture changes were associated with nonlinear transitions in the acoustic structure of individual syllables. The synergy between respiratory and syringeal motor systems, and the unique bilateral, simultaneous, and independent sound production, combined with dynamic modification of the acoustic structure of song, make the zebra finch an excellent model system for exploring mechanisms of sensorimotor integration underlying a complex learned behavior.