CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS IN THE STUDY OF COMMON DISEASES - UPDATES ON THE DEMISE OF THE RARE DISEASE ASSUMPTION AND THE CHOICE OF SAMPLING SCHEME FOR CONTROLS
CASE-CONTROL DESIGNS IN THE STUDY OF COMMON DISEASES - UPDATES ON THE DEMISE OF THE RARE DISEASE ASSUMPTION AND THE CHOICE OF SAMPLING SCHEME FOR CONTROLS
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/19.1.205
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发表时间：
1990-03-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
KIRKWOOD, BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RODRIGUES, L;KIRKWOOD, BR
近年来，病例对照设计的应用已扩展到常见疾病的研究。研究表明，罕见病假设是不必要的，通过选择合适的对照抽样方案，可以直接估计相对风险和相对发生率，而不是依赖于比值比作为间接估计。大多数解决这些问题的论文都是理论性的，并且用数学术语表达了论点。因此，许多执业流行病学家并不容易获得它们。本文以简化的方式总结了讨论。它描述了相对发病率的三种不同测量方法，即相对危险度、相对发生率和比值比，以及相应的病例对照设计。讨论的延伸表明，选择适当的措施，相对发病率取决于风险因素的作用方式，以及疾病的特点。我们提出了一个分类方案，包括五个不同类别的情况下，并提出建议，研究设计为每个。
In recent years the use of case-control designs has been extended to the study of common diseases. It has been shown that the rare disease assumption is not necessary, and that by a suitable choice of sampling scheme for controls, it is possible to obtain direct estimates of relative risk and relative rate, instead of relying on the odds ratio as an indirect estimate. The majority of papers addressing these issues are theoretical, and the arguments have been couched in mathematical terms. As such they are not readily accessible to many practicing epidemiologists. This paper summarizes the discussion in a simplified manner. It describes the three different measures of relative incidence, namely the relative risk, the relative rate and the odds ratio, together with their corresponding case-control designs. The discussion is extended to show that the choice of the appropriate measure of relative incidence depends on the mode of action of the risk factor, as well as on characteristics of disease. We propose a classification scheme comprising five different categories of situation, and make recommendations regarding study designs for each.