Pidgins and Creoles of Australia and the pacific: Current research for an atlas of languages of inter‐cultural communication
Pidgins and Creoles of Australia and the pacific: Current research for an atlas of languages of inter‐cultural communication
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澳大利亚和太平洋地区的洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语：跨文化交流语言图集的最新研究
DOI：
10.1080/07268608608599362
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Mühlhäusler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Mühlhäusler
在过去十年中，关于澳大利亚和太平洋地区皮钦语和克里奥尔语的研究和出版物有了非常显著的增长。因此，尽管Reinecke et al. Sandefur（1975）列出的与澳大利亚土著洋泾浜英语相关的标题不到50个，Sandefur（1983）列出的标题接近200个。现在，对克里奥尔语（如Sandefur 1984和Harris 1984）、斐济皮钦语（Siegel 1985）和托雷斯海峡克里奥尔语（如Shnukal 1983、1984）都有全面的记录。对于最著名的太平洋洋泾浜语者托克·皮辛来说，这本早已公布的手册终于出现了（乌尔姆和米尔豪斯勒，1985），最近开始了一本关于澳大利亚和太平洋地区跨文化交流语言的综合地图集的工作，正是在这本地图集的初步工作过程中，我发现了我们在这些语言知识方面的许多严重空白。一般来说，研究集中在少数随机选择的语言上，而忽略了其他语言，研究的是地方现象而不是区域现象，人们想问的许多关于皮钦语和克里奥尔语的问题很少或从未被问到太平洋地区的语言。前两点与这些语言的映射直接相关，而第三点主要涉及语言学方法和理论。不过，在讨论这些问题之前，让我简要介绍一下atlas项目。预计该地图集将包含一些彩色地图，并附有适当的文字材料，显示和解释过去和现在在大太平洋地区遇到的众多洋泾浜语和克里奥尔语的起源、发展、传播、作用和功能，并酌情显示和解释其衰落、死亡和消失。这些语言中的绝大多数是以英语为基础的，但也有一些语言是以其他非太平洋语言为基础的，如法语，西班牙语和葡萄牙语，还有一些语言是以大太平洋地区本身的语言为基础的，如马来语和各种土著语言，特别是在新几内亚地区。该地图集将是两个主要研究人员团队合作的结果，其中一个团队位于澳大利亚太平洋研究学院的语言学系。
The last decade has seen a very significant growth in research and publications on the pidgins and creóles of Australia and the Pacific. Thus, whereas Reinecke et al.(1975) list less than 50 titles as relevant to Australian Aboriginal Pidgin English, Sandefur (1983) has in the vicinity of 200. Comprehensive accounts are now available for Kriol (eg Sandefur 1984 and Harris 1984), the pidgins of Fiji (Siegel 1985) and Torres Strait Creole (eg Shnukal 1983, 1984). For the best known of the Pacific pidgins, Tok Pisin, the long-announced handbook has finally appeared (Wurm and Mühlhäusler 1985) and work on a comprehensive Atlas for the languages of cross cultural communication in Australia and the Pacific has been recently begun.It is in the course of preliminary work on this atlas that I have identified many serious gaps in our knowledge of these languages. Generally speaking, research has centered on a small number of randomly selected languages whilst ignoring others, local rather than areal phenomena have been studied and many of the questions one would wish to ask about pidgins and creóles have seldom or never been asked about those found in the Pacific area. The first two points are of direct relevance to the mapping of these languages whilst the third has implications mainly for linguistic methodology and theory. Before dealing with these matters, however, let me briefly give an outline of the atlas project. It is envisaged that this atlas will contain a number of multi-coloured maps, with appropriate text materials, showing and explaining the origins, development, spread, roles and functions and, where, appropriate, decay, death and disappearance of the numerous pidgin and creóle languages encountered in the Greater Pacific area in the past and present. The great majority of these languages are, and were, based on English, but there are, and were, a number of languages based on other non-Pacific languages such as French, Spanish and Portuguese, and also a number based on languages of the Greater Pacific area itself such as Malay and a variety of indigenous languages, in particular in the New Guinea area. The atlas is to be the result of a cooperative venture between two main teams of research workers, one of them based in the Department of Linguistics of the Research School of Pacific Studies at the Australian