Dynamic adjustment of biosonar intensity to habitat clutter in the bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae)
Dynamic adjustment of biosonar intensity to habitat clutter in the bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-010-0998-9
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Surlykke, Annemarie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brinklov, Signe;Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.;Surlykke, Annemarie
回声定位蝙蝠调整时频结构，如扫描速率和脉冲间隔的声纳呼叫时，他们从开放的空间移动到植被密集的环境。发出的叫声强度对回声定位同样重要，但在任何蝙蝠物种中，信号强度对不同栖息地的调节从未被系统地研究过。为了解决这个问题，我们记录了声纳呼叫的新热带区拖网食虫蝙蝠Macrophyllum macrophyllum（Phyllostomidae）在三个站点具有不同的障碍物密度（杂波）。我们发现了一个明确的相关性之间的发射强度和程度的杂波，与强度成正比，减少杂波。在高度杂乱，半杂乱，开放的空间，M。macrophyllum发出的呼叫，平均源电平（声压级（SPL）10厘米从蝙蝠的嘴）的100，105，和111分贝SPL均方根（rms）分别。据我们所知，这是蝙蝠动态强度调整的第一个文件。叶口类蝙蝠以前被认为是沉默的，但自由活动的M。在开放空间中，大叶蝙蝠的产量可与其他科的空中食虫蝙蝠的产量相媲美。我们的研究结果表明，栖息地的声学约束是更好的预测呼叫强度比adjugeny，因此可能是主要的驱动程序形成的声纳系统的蝙蝠在进化过程中。
Echolocating bats adjust the time-frequency structure such as sweep rate and pulse interval of their sonar calls when they move from open space to vegetation-dense environments. Emitted call intensity is equally important for echolocation, but adjustment of signal intensity to different habitats has never been systematically studied in any bat species. To address this question, we recorded sonar calls of the Neotropical trawling insectivorous bat Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) at three sites with different obstacle densities (clutter). We found a clear correlation between emitted intensity and degree of clutter, with intensity proportional to decreasing clutter. In highly cluttered, semicluttered, and open spaces, M. macrophyllum emitted calls with mean source levels (sound pressure level (SPL) 10 cm from the bat's mouth) of 100, 105, and 111 dB SPL root mean square (rms), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of dynamic intensity adjustments in bats. Phyllostomid bats were previously considered silent, but the 111-dB SPL rms emitted by free-ranging M. macrophyllum in open space is comparable to output in aerial insectivorous bats from other families. Our results suggest that the acoustic constraints of habitats are better predictors of call intensity than phylogeny and therefore likely to be major drivers shaping the sonar system of bats in the course of evolution.