Long-Range Order, “Tower” of States, and Symmetry Breaking in Lattice Quantum Systems

Long-Range Order, “Tower” of States, and Symmetry Breaking in Lattice Quantum Systems
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晶格量子系统中的长程有序、态“塔”和对称破缺

DOI:
10.1007/s10955-018-2193-8
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Hal Tasaki
Hal Tasaki
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Y Oka;S Suetaka;H Ago;Y Miyachi;Y Hayashi;M Arai;Hal Tasaki

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在量子多体系统中,哈密顿量和序算符不对易,经常发生有限系统的唯一基态表现出长程序(LRO),但不表现出自发对称性破缺(SSB)。典型的例子包括具有Néel序的反铁磁量子自旋系统,以及表现出玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的晶格玻色子系统。本文推广和改进了Horsch和von der林登以及Koma和Tasaki的已有结果,发展了一个关于连续对称有限系统基态下LRO和SSB关系的完全严格和几乎完备的理论.我们发现,一个基态与LRO,但没有SSB是不可避免地伴随着一系列的能量本征态,被称为“塔”的状态,具有极低的激发能。更重要的是,我们还证明了一个物理上现实的“基态”采取这些低能量激发态的叠加。
In a quantum many-body system where the Hamiltonian and the order operator do not commute, it often happens that the unique ground state of a finite system exhibits long-range order (LRO) but does not show spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). Typical examples include antiferromagnetic quantum spin systems with Néel order, and lattice boson systems which exhibits Bose–Einstein condensation. By extending and improving previous results by Horsch and von der Linden and by Koma and Tasaki, we here develop a fully rigorous and almost complete theory about the relation between LRO and SSB in the ground state of a finite system with continuous symmetry. We show that a ground state with LRO but without SSB is inevitably accompanied by a series of energy eigenstates, known as the “tower” of states, which have extremely low excitation energies. More importantly, we also prove that one gets a physically realistic “ground state” by taking a superposition of these low energy excited states.
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