A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas
A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0702288104
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发表时间：
2007-09-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ostrom, Elinor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ostrom, Elinor
这篇特稿中的文章挑战了这样一种假设，即学者可以对社会生态系统（SES）进行简单的预测模型，并推导出解决过度使用或破坏资源问题的通用解决方案。超越灵丹妙药，发展累积能力，诊断问题和潜力的联系SES需要认真研究复杂的，多变量的，非线性的，跨尺度的，不断变化的系统。许多变量已被研究人员确定为影响的互动模式和结果中观察到的实证研究的SES。通过将这些变量组织在一个嵌套的多层框架中，朝着开发诊断方法迈出了一步。该框架使学者能够组织分析（i）资源系统（例如，渔业、湖泊、放牧区），（ii）该系统产生的资源单位（例如，鱼、水、饲料），（iii）该系统的用户，以及（iv）治理系统共同影响并间接受到在特定时间和地点实现的互动和结果的影响。该框架还使我们能够组织这些属性如何影响和受到更大的社会经济，政治和生态环境的影响，以及较小的环境。该框架旨在成为建立一个强大的跨学科科学的复杂，多层次的系统，使未来的诊断，以匹配治理安排嵌入在社会生态环境中的具体问题的一步。
The articles in this special feature challenge the presumption that scholars can make simple, predictive models of social-ecological systems (SESs) and deduce universal solutions, panaceas, to problems of overuse or destruction of resources. Moving beyond panaceas to develop cumulative capacities to diagnose the problems and potentialities of linked SESs requires serious study of complex, multivariable, nonlinear, cross-scale, and changing systems. Many variables have been identified by researchers as affecting the patterns of interactions and outcomes observed in empirical studies of SESs. A step toward developing a diagnostic method is taken by organizing these variables in a nested, multitier framework. The framework enables scholars to organize analyses of how attributes of (i) a resource system (e.g., fishery, lake, grazing area), (ii) the resource units generated by that system (e.g., fish, water, fodder), (iii) the users of that system, and (iv) the governance system jointly affect and are indirectly affected by interactions and resulting outcomes achieved at a particular time and place. The framework also enables us to organize how these attributes may affect and be affected by larger socioeconomic, political, and ecological settings in which they are embedded, as well as smaller ones. The framework is intended to be a step toward building a strong interdisciplinary science of complex, multilevel systems that will enable future diagnosticians to match governance arrangements to specific problems embedded in a social-ecological context.