Field margins: a comparison of establishment methods and effects on hymenopteran parasitoid communities
Field margins: a comparison of establishment methods and effects on hymenopteran parasitoid communities
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田间边缘：建立方法及其对膜翅目寄生蜂群落影响的比较
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发表时间：
2014
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Finn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Ó hUallacháin;A. Anderson;R. Fritch;S. McCormack;H. Sheridan;J. Finn
在密集管理的生态系统中，农田边缘通常被视为生物多样性的最后避难所，并且通常是许多农业环境计划中的措施的目标。草地占8100万公顷的土地在欧盟;然而，与永久性草地的领域边缘的生态没有得到很好的研究。本研究调查了5年来实验性田间边缘措施对小菜蛾寄生蜂群落的影响。选择Hyalteran寄生蜂是因为它们占据高营养水平，以各种植物和无脊椎动物宿主为食，并且被认为是节肢动物多样性的良好指标。建立的方法包括：围栏，自然再生，和重新播种的野花混合物，在三个边缘宽度。田间边缘建立方式对寄生蜂的丰度有显著影响。建植方式对寄生蜂属的多样性影响不显著，但对寄生蜂群落组成有影响。边缘宽度对寄生蜂群落没有显著影响。放牧对寄生蜂属的丰富度和群落结构有显著的负面影响。这表明植被结构多样性在寄生蜂群落结构中起着重要作用。植物物种丰富度没有显着影响寄生蜂丰富度或属丰富度。寄生蜂物种在地块内导致了显着更大的丰度和多样性的寄生虫，特别是自生生物。植物物种丰富度是有限的，简单的措施，如围栏狭窄的领域边缘可能是有效的增加寄生虫类群丰富度和丰度（节肢动物丰富度和丰度的指标）作为昂贵的措施，如补种和更广泛的边缘宽度。
Field margins within intensively managed ecosystems are often seen as a last refuge for biodiversity, and are typically targeted with measures within many agri‐environment schemes. Grassland accounts for 81 million ha of land within the EU; however, the ecology of field margins associated with permanent grassland has not been well studied. This study investigated the effects of experimental field margin measures on hymenopteran parasitoid communities over a 5‐year period. Hymenopteran parasitoids were chosen because they occupy high trophic levels, feed on a diverse range of plant and invertebrate hosts, and are considered good indicators of arthropod diversity. Establishment methods included: fencing, natural regeneration, and reseeding with a wildflower mixture, at three margin widths. Field margin establishment method had a significant effect on abundance of parasitoids. Establishment method did not have a significant effect on parasitoid genera diversity, but did affect parasitoid community composition. Margin width had no significant impact on parasitoid communities. Grazing had a significant negative effect on parasitoid genus richness and community structure. This suggests that structural diversity of vegetation plays an important role in parasitoid community structure. Plant species richness did not significantly affect parasitoid abundance or genera richness. Noxious species within plots resulted in a significantly greater abundance and diversity of parasitoids and of idiobionts in particular. Where plant species richness is limited, simple measures such as fencing of narrow field margins may be as effective at increasing parasitoid taxon richness and abundance (indicators of arthropod richness and abundance) as expensive measures such as reseeding and wider margin widths.