DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HERRING SPAWNING GROUNDS AND DESCRIPTION OF SPAWNING BEHAVIOR
DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HERRING SPAWNING GROUNDS AND DESCRIPTION OF SPAWNING BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1139/f85-261
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
SCHWEIGERT, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HAEGELE, CW;SCHWEIGERT, JF
太平洋鲱鱼 (Clupea harengus pallasi) 是冬春季产卵鱼，在产卵时表现出从南到北的纬度进食。在东太平洋，主要产卵种群集中在旧金山附近、普吉特海湾、不列颠哥伦比亚省海岸和阿拉斯加东南部。在白令海，鲱鱼在阿拉斯加和堪察加半岛沿岸产卵。在西太平洋，鲱鱼在鄂霍次克海和日本海产卵。大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus harengus）由冬春季和夏秋季产卵群体组成，其特征是东北大西洋的海洋、大陆架和沿海种群。该海洋类群是在挪威和冰岛海岸产卵的大型洄游鱼类。陆架群包括邻近不列颠群岛的各种当地迁徙的北海种群。沿海群体由仅限于波罗的海和白海的较小鱼类组成。在西北大西洋，产卵发生在从拉布拉多北部到弗吉尼亚州，北部主要是春季产卵者，南部主要是秋季产卵者。鲱鱼通常在产卵前几周到几个月聚集在产卵场附近。温度是决定产卵时间的因素之一。大西洋鲱鱼在产卵行为中表现出性别二态性，只有雌性与产卵基质相互作用。太平洋鲱鱼的雄性和雌性都会与沉积有粘性卵的基质进行身体接触。产卵场位于高能环境中，对于春季产卵者来说是近岸，对于秋季产卵者来说是在潮汐活跃区域。卵沉积在海洋植被或底部基质上，例如没有淤积的砾石。卵能耐受5-14°C的温度和3-33‰的盐度。卵死亡主要是由于卵密度高、淤积、捕食造成的窒息，以及在潮间带产卵时，由于暴露在空气中所施加的压力以及波浪作用造成的卵损失。
Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) are winter–spring spawners which exhibit a south to north latitudinal dine in spawning time. In the eastern Pacific, major spawning populations are concentrated near San Francisco, in Puget Sound, and along the coasts of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. In the Bering Sea, herring spawn in Alaska and along the Kamchatka Peninsula. In the western Pacific, herring spawn in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Japan Sea. Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) consist of both winter–spring and summer–autumn spawning groups characterized in the northeast Atlantic by oceanic, shelf, and coastal populations. The oceanic group are large migratory fish spawning off the coasts of Norway and Iceland. The shelf group includes the various locally migratory North Sea populations adjacent to the British Isles. The coastal groups consist of smaller fish restricted to the Baltic and White seas. In the northwest Atlantic, spawning occurs from northern Labrador to Virginia with spring spawners predominating in the north and fall spawners in the south. Herring typically congregate near their spawning grounds for several weeks to months prior to spawning. Temperature is one of the factors that determine when spawning occurs. The Atlantic herring exhibits sexual dimorphism in the spawning act with only the female interacting with the spawning substrate. Both sexes of the Pacific herring make physical contact with the substrate on which the adhesive eggs are deposited. Spawning grounds are located in high-energy environments, either nearshore for spring spawners or in tidally active areas for fall spawners. Spawn is deposited on marine vegetation or on bottom substrate, such as gravel, which is free from silting. The eggs are tolerant to temperatures in the range of 5–14 °C and salinities in the range of 3–33‰. Egg mortality results mostly from suffocation due to high egg densities and silting, predation, and, in intertidal spawn, from stresses imposed by exposure to air and from egg loss by wave action.