Molecular printing.
Molecular printing.
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分子印刷技术涉及以亚微米分辨率将分子直接转移到基材上，在过去十年中得到了广泛的发展，并实现了许多应用。这种规模的特征阵列已被用于指导纳米电子学中的材料组装，并作为遗传分析和疾病检测的工具。过去十年见证了由浸笔纳米光刻和软光刻这两种协同技术主导的分子印刷的成熟。两者的特点都是材料和基板的灵活性，但浸笔纳米光刻具有无限的图案设计，而软光刻的图案灵活性有限，但成本低且产量高。 DPN 吸头阵列和着墨方法的进步提高了吞吐量并实现了多路复用阵列等应用。分子印刷的新方法——聚合物笔光刻，实现了低成本、高产量和图案灵活性。本视角讨论了分子印刷的演变和未来方向。
Molecular printing techniques, which involve the direct transfer of molecules to a substrate with submicrometre resolution, have been extensively developed over the past decade and have enabled many applications. Arrays of features on this scale have been used to direct materials assembly, in nanoelectronics, and as tools for genetic analysis and disease detection. The past decade has witnessed the maturation of molecular printing led by two synergistic technologies: dip-pen nanolithography and soft lithography. Both are characterized by material and substrate flexibility, but dip-pen nanolithography has unlimited pattern design whereas soft lithography has limited pattern flexibility but is low in cost and has high throughput. Advances in DPN tip arrays and inking methods have increased the throughput and enabled applications such as multiplexed arrays. A new approach to molecular printing, polymer-pen lithography, achieves low-cost, high-throughput and pattern flexibility. This Perspective discusses the evolution and future directions of molecular printing.