Response of Maize Yield Components to Growth Stage‐Based Deficit Irrigation
Response of Maize Yield Components to Growth Stage‐Based Deficit Irrigation
复制标题
玉米产量组成对基于生长阶段的赤字灌溉的响应
作者：
Huihui Zhang;Ming Han;L. Comas;Kendall C. DeJonge;S. Gleason;T. Trout;Liwang Ma
《农学报》L·第111卷，我S·苏6·2019年摘要面对水资源减少和气候变异性，分阶段亏缺灌溉可能是增强农业系统抗逆性的可行途径。以玉米(Zea Mays L.)为材料，进行了为期3年的水分亏缺灌溉试验。在营养生长后期(Lveg)和成熟期(Mat)，对其物候、干叶重、地上生物量、产量、粒数、千粒重和灌浆率进行了评价。Lveg期水分亏缺降低了籽粒数和干叶重，从而降低了潜在灌浆速率(减少了光合作用组织)。与Lveg期的逆差相比，Mat期的逆差直接降低了籽粒灌浆速率和灌浆持续期，对产量的影响最大。生长阶段的交互作用很明显，在Lveg阶段施加的与水分亏缺相关的产量减少因在Mat阶段施加的水分亏缺而加剧。在所有情况下，减产都与缺水的严重程度成正比。然而，与Lveg期的水分亏缺相比，Mat期的水分亏缺对玉米产量的影响更大。如果农民减少了水分配，但在灌溉用水时间上有季节性灵活性，他们将通过为生殖和成熟生长阶段节约用水来实现产量最大化。
Agronomy Journa l • Volume 111, I s sue 6 • 2019 AbstrAct In the face of declining water resources and climatic variability, growth stage-based deficit irrigation may be a feasible approach to enhance agricultural system resilience. A 3-yr experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation on maize (Zea mays L.) in the late vegetative (Lveg) and maturation (Mat) growth stages, where phenology, dry leaf weight, aboveground biomass, yield, kernel number, 1000 kernel weight, and grainfilling rate were evaluated. Water deficit during the Lveg stage decreased the kernel number and dry leaf weight, thus decreasing the potential grain-filling rate (less photosynthetic tissue). In contrast with deficit during the Lveg stage, deficit during the Mat stage directly reduced the grain-filling rate and duration and thus had the strongest effect on grain yield. A growth stage interaction was evident, such that the reduction in yield associated with water deficit applied during the Lveg stage was exacerbated by water deficit applied during the Mat stage. Yield reduction was proportional with the severity of the water deficit, in all cases. Nevertheless, water deficit applied during the Mat stage had a larger impact on maize yield compared with water deficit applied during the Lveg stage. If farmers have reduced water allocations but seasonal flexibility in the timing of irrigation water application, they will maximize yield by saving water for reproductive and maturation growth stages.