Cultural evolution in laboratory microsocieties including traditions of rule giving and rule following
Cultural evolution in laboratory microsocieties including traditions of rule giving and rule following
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.05.003
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Paciotti, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baum, WM;Richerson, PJ;Paciotti, BM
实验可能有助于理解文化进化的基本过程。我们从以前的实验室研究中提取了一些特征，这些特征是在几代人的时间里产生的传统。四人一组的参与者通过协商一致的方式选择解决印在红卡和蓝卡上的字谜。这些选择的回报各不相同。12分钟后，实验时间最长的参与者被移走，取而代之的是一个天真的人。这些替换，每一次都标志着一代的结束，持续10 - 15代，此时一天的会议结束。暂停时间决定了小组选择红色还是蓝色赚得更多，这是固定的一天，在三种情况下分别为1分钟、2分钟或3分钟。这些群体形成了追求收益最大化的选择传统。选择和收入之间的依赖性越强，传统就越强。一旦一种选择传统形成，群体就会结合准确的信息、神话和强制手段，通过指导新人的方式将其传承下去。在口头传统中，神话的出现频率与选择传统的强度直接相关。这些方法可以应用于各种各样的研究问题。(C) 2004爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Experiments may contribute to understanding the basic processes of cultural evolution. We drew features from previous laboratory research with small groups in which traditions arose during several generations. Groups of four participants chose by consensus between solving anagrams printed on red cards and on blue cards. Payoffs for the choices differed. After 12 min, the participant who had been in the experiment the longest was removed and replaced with a naive person. These replacements, each of which marked the end of a generation, continued for 10 - 15 generations, at which time the day's session ended. Time-out duration, which determined whether the group earned more by choosing red or blue, and which was fixed for a day's session, was varied across three conditions to equal 1, 2, or 3 min. The groups developed choice traditions that tended toward maximizing earnings. The stronger the dependence between choice and earnings, the stronger was the tradition. Once a choice tradition evolved, groups passed it on by instructing newcomers, using some combination of accurate information, mythology, and coercion. Among verbal traditions, frequency of mythology varied directly with strength of the choice tradition. These methods may be applied to a variety of research questions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.