Cytotoxicity tests of cellulose nanofibril-based structures
Cytotoxicity tests of cellulose nanofibril-based structures
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DOI：
10.1007/s10570-013-9948-9
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Chinga-Carrasco, Gary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexandrescu, Laura;Syverud, Kristin;Chinga-Carrasco, Gary
基于木浆纤维的纤维素纳米原纤维在生物医学应用中最有前途。细菌纤维素已被建议用于某些医疗应用，目前用作伤口敷料。然而，缺乏用于大规模生产细菌纤维素的具有成本效益的方法。因此，纤维素木纤维的原纤化是最令人感兴趣的，因为纤维素纳米原纤可以有效地大量生产。然而，利用来自木材的纤维素纳米原纤维需要彻底验证其生物相容性，特别是与成纤维细胞的生物相容性，这些细胞在再生组织中非常重要，特别是在伤口愈合中。本研究中使用的纤维素纳米原纤结构基于桉树和辐射松纸浆纤维。纳米原纤化的材料使用均化器制造而不进行预处理，并且使用2，2，6，6_四甲基哌啶-1-氧基自由基作为预处理，从而分别产生低水平和高水平的阴离子电荷的纳米原纤。由这些材料，形成两种类型的基于纳米原纤的结构;（1）薄且致密的结构和（2）开放且多孔的结构。对样品进行细胞毒性试验，结果表明纳米原纤维对受试成纤维细胞（3 T3细胞）不产生急性毒性现象。在测试过程中，细胞膜、细胞线粒体活性和DNA增殖保持不变，这涉及纳米结构材料与3 T3细胞之间的直接和间接接触。用交联剂聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）或表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对部分样品进行了改性。用CTAB改性的样品显示出明显的毒性行为，对细胞存活、活力和增殖具有负面影响。CTAB是一种抗菌成分，因此这一结果符合预期。与PEI交联的样品也具有细胞活力的显著降低，表明DNA增殖的降低。我们得出结论，在这项研究中测试的纯纤维素纳米结构材料对成纤维细胞没有毒性。这是最重要的，因为基于来自木浆纤维的纳米原纤维的纳米结构材料有希望作为再生医学和伤口愈合的基底。
Cellulose nanofibrils based on wood pulp fibres are most promising for biomedical applications. Bacterial cellulose has been suggested for some medical applications and is presently used as wound dressing. However, cost-efficient processes for mass production of bacterial cellulose are lacking. Hence, fibrillation of cellulose wood fibres is most interesting, as the cellulose nanofibrils can efficiently be produced in large quantities. However, the utilization of cellulose nanofibrils from wood requires a thorough verification of its biocompatibility, especially with fibroblast cells which are important in regenerative tissue and particularly in wound healing. The cellulose nanofibril structures used in this study were based on Eucalyptus and Pinus radiata pulp fibres. The nanofibrillated materials were manufactured using a homogenizer without pre-treatment and with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical as pre-treatment, thus yielding nanofibrils low and high level of anionic charge, respectively. From these materials, two types of nanofibril-based structures were formed; (1) thin and dense structures and (2) open and porous structures. Cytotoxicity tests were applied on the samples, which demonstrated that the nanofibrils do not exert acute toxic phenomena on the tested fibroblast cells (3T3 cells). The cell membrane, cell mitochondrial activity and the DNA proliferation remained unchanged during the tests, which involved direct and indirect contact between the nano-structured materials and the 3T3 cells. Some samples were modified using the crosslinking agent polyethyleneimine (PEI) or the surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The sample modified with CTAB showed a clear toxic behaviour, having negative effects on cell survival, viability and proliferation. CTAB is an antimicrobial component, and thus this result was as expected. The sample crosslinked with PEI also had a significant reduction in cell viability indicating a reduction in DNA proliferation. We conclude that the neat cellulose nanostructured materials tested in this study are not toxic against fibroblasts cells. This is most important as nano-structured materials based on nanofibrils from wood pulp fibres are promising as substrate for regenerative medicine and wound healing.