Preference for geometric patterns early in life as a risk factor for autism.
Preference for geometric patterns early in life as a risk factor for autism.
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DOI：
10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.113
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Desmond J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pierce K;Conant D;Hazin R;Stoner R;Desmond J
早期识别工作对于早期治疗自闭症症状至关重要，但只有在发现强有力的危险因素时才能进行。患有自闭症的儿童经常会做出重复的行为，并且据说更喜欢目视检查几何重复，例如风扇的移动叶片或汽车车轮的旋转。对几何重复的偏好在多大程度上是自闭症的早期危险因素还有待检验。确定 14 至 42 个月大的患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿是否更喜欢目视检查动态几何图像而不是社交图像，并确定视觉固定模式是否可以正确地将幼儿归类为患有 ASD。向幼儿展示一部时长一分钟的电影，视频监视器的一侧显示移动的几何图案，另一侧显示孩子们的高动作，例如跳舞或做瑜伽。使用这种优先观看范例，使用眼动追踪技术检查了每种电影类型中的总注视持续时间和扫视次数。加州大学圣地亚哥分校自闭症卓越中心。 110 名幼儿参与了最终分析（37 名患有自闭症谱系障碍，22 名患有发育迟缓，以及 51 名典型发育中的幼儿）。比较诊断组之间几何图案或社交图像内的总注视时间以及眼跳次数。总体而言，患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿在注视动态几何图像上所花的时间比其他诊断组要多得多，年仅 14 个月。如果一个幼儿将超过 69% 的时间花在几何图案上，那么准确将该幼儿分类为患有 ASD 的阳性预测值为 100%。生命早期对几何图案的偏好可能是有自闭症风险的婴幼儿的一种新颖且易于检测的早期特征。
Early identification efforts are essential for the early treatment of the symptoms of autism but can only occur if robust risk factors are found. Children with autism often engage in repetitive behaviors and anecdotally prefer to visually examine geometric repetition, such as the moving blade of a fan or the spinning of a car wheel. The extent to which a preference for looking at geometric repetition is an early risk factor for autism has yet to be examined. To determine if toddlers with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 14 to 42 months prefer to visually examine dynamic geometric images more than social images and to determine if visual fixation patterns can correctly classify a toddler as having an ASD. Toddlers were presented with a 1-minute movie depicting moving geometric patterns on 1 side of a video monitor and children in high action, such as dancing or doing yoga, on the other. Using this preferential looking paradigm, total fixation duration and the number of saccades within each movie type were examined using eye tracking technology. University of California, San Diego Autism Center of Excellence. One hundred ten toddlers participated in final analyses (37 with an ASD, 22 with developmental delay, and 51 typical developing toddlers). Total fixation time within the geometric patterns or social images and the number of saccades were compared between diagnostic groups. Overall, toddlers with an ASD as young as 14 months spent significantly more time fixating on dynamic geometric images than other diagnostic groups. If a toddler spent more than 69% of his or her time fixating on geometric patterns, then the positive predictive value for accurately classifying that toddler as having an ASD was 100%. A preference for geometric patterns early in life may be a novel and easily detectable early signature of infants and toddlers at risk for autism.