Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers
Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00107-5
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Chen, LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, GH;Braver, ER;Chen, LH
估计，使用多个国家数据系统，估计脆弱性（受伤的易感性）与过度崩溃参与每辆车英里（VMT）老年驾驶员的死亡风险增加（VMT）的作用。对于每个年龄段和性别组，计算了每名驾驶员的死亡（脆弱性标记）和每次VMT撞车事故的驾驶员（过度坠机参与的标记）。与30-59岁的驾驶员相比，年龄在20岁以下的驾驶员和75岁以上的驾驶员中，每VMT的驾驶员死亡率都更高。在80岁或以上的驾驶员中，观察到每英里驱动的最高死亡率增加了13倍，他们的死亡率也最高。脆弱性在60-64岁时开始增长，并且随着年龄的增长而稳步增长，约占老年驾驶员每VMT多余死亡率的60-95％，具体取决于年龄组和性别。在年长的驾驶员中，直到75岁时，坠机事故的过度过多才开始，但解释说，这组驾驶员的风险升高不超过30-45％。过度的崩溃解释了60-74岁的驾驶员的风险较小。相比之下，过度竞争是导致20岁以下驾驶员死亡高风险的主要因素，占其每VMT死亡率升高的95％以上。尽管脆弱性和过度参与的崩溃都导致了每位VMT老年驾驶员的过度死亡率，但脆弱性似乎非常重要。这些发现表明，应大力追求改善撞车事故中老年车辆乘员保护的措施。 （c）2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.保留所有权利。
Using multiple national data systems, the roles of fragility (susceptibility to injury) versus excessive crash involvement in the increased fatality risk of older drivers per vehicle-mile of travel (VMT) were estimated. For each age and gender group, deaths per driver involved in a crash (a marker of fragility) and drivers involved in crashes per VMT (a marker of excessive crash involvement) were computed. Compared with drivers ages 30-59, those younger than 20 and those 75 or older both had much higher driver death rates per VMT. The highest death rates per mile driven, 13-fold increases, were observed among drivers age 80 or older, who also had the highest death rates per crash. Fragility began to increase at ages 60-64 and increased steadily with advancing age, accounting for about 60-95% of the excess death rates per VMT in older drivers, depending on age group and gender. Among older drivers, marked excesses in crash involvement did not begin until age 75, but explained no more than about 30-45% of the elevated risk in this group of drivers; excessive crashes explained less of the risk among drivers ages 60-74. In contrast, crash over-involvement was the major factor contributing to the high risk of death among drivers younger than 20, accounting for more than 95% of their elevated death rates per VMT. Although both fragility and crash over-involvement contributed to the excess death rates among older drivers per VMT, fragility appeared to be of over-riding importance. These findings suggest that measures to improve the protection of older vehicle occupants in crashes should be vigorously pursued. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.