Predation Response of Vibrio fischeri Biofilms to Bacterivorus Protists
Predation Response of Vibrio fischeri Biofilms to Bacterivorus Protists
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.02710-12
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Nishiguchi, Michele K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chavez-Dozal, Alba;Gorman, Clayton;Nishiguchi, Michele K.
费氏弧菌在一个被称为生物膜的无底、稳定的群落中增殖，这是其生命周期的另一种生存策略。尽管这种生存策略提供了足够的保护免受非生物因素的影响，但海洋生物膜仍然容易受到消耗细菌的原生动物的放牧。因此，放牧压力可以通过某些防御机制来控制，这些机制赋予生物膜更高的抗捕食者适应性。在目前的工作中，我们假设V. fischeri在形成生物膜时表现出一种反捕食者的适应性行为。研究了水生种群中常见的几种捕食者，包括鞭毛虫舌单胞虫（Rhynchomonas nasuta）和Neobodo designis（早期生物膜捕食者）和纤毛虫梨形四膜虫（晚期生物膜捕食者）。费氏弧菌生物膜包括来自海水和鱿鱼宿主（Euprymna和Sepiola种）的分离物。我们的研究结果表明生物膜对捕食的抑制作用，特别是对海水中分离物的抑制作用。此外，在生物膜后期，观察到抗体动物的行为更高，特别是对纤毛虫梨形绦虫；然而，在所测试的所有分离株中发现抑制作用广泛存在。这些结果为费氏弧菌生物膜的适应性优势和持久性提供了另一种解释，并为理解宿主外环境中存在的防御机制提供了重要贡献。
Vibrio fischeri proliferates in a sessile, stable community known as a biofilm, which is one alternative survival strategy of its life cycle. Although this survival strategy provides adequate protection from abiotic factors, marine biofilms are still susceptible to grazing by bacteria-consuming protozoa. Subsequently, grazing pressure can be controlled by certain defense mechanisms that confer higher biofilm antipredator fitness. In the present work, we hypothesized that V. fischeri exhibits an antipredator fitness behavior while forming biofilms. Different predators representing commonly found species in aquatic populations were examined, including the flagellates Rhynchomonas nasuta and Neobodo designis (early biofilm feeders) and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (late biofilm grazer). V. fischeri biofilms included isolates from both seawater and squid hosts (Euprymna and Sepiola species). Our results demonstrate inhibition of predation by biofilms, specifically, isolates from seawater. Additionally, antiprotozoan behavior was observed to be higher in late biofilms, particularly toward the ciliate T. pyriformis; however, inhibitory effects were found to be widespread among all isolates tested. These results provide an alternative explanation for the adaptive advantage and persistence of V. fischeri biofilms and provide an important contribution to the understanding of defensive mechanisms that exist in the out-of-host environment.