Reforming pastoral land use in Kyrgyzstan: from clan and custom to self-government and tradition
Reforming pastoral land use in Kyrgyzstan: from clan and custom to self-government and tradition
复制标题
吉尔吉斯斯坦牧区土地利用改革：从宗族和习俗到自治和传统
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Svetlana Jacquesson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svetlana Jacquesson
中亚殖民地的牧区土地利用问题是根据吉尔吉斯斯坦现行法律法规的目标和假设提出的。为了强调殖民政府的主要选择及其对地方一级的影响，分析的重点是三个方面：领土划分与宗族划分、所有权与行政管理以及行政与自治。本文指出，对游牧民族的殖民改革主要是由“氏族”和“习俗”的幻影推动的，认为对游牧民族的某些误解是任何现代化计划的特征，无论是殖民地俄罗斯的计划还是目前正在实施的现代化计划。在吉尔吉斯斯坦，最近引入的“放牧委员会”作为牧场管理和控制的主要参与者，延续了游牧民族自治和传统的神话。文章最后提出这样的论点：对“习俗”和“传统”的依赖以及对牧区土地使用的现实社会关系的漠视是过去和现在牧区土地改革失败的最重要原因之一。
The question of pastoral land use in colonial Central Asia is set against the goals and assumptions of present-day laws and regulations in Kyrgyzstan. In order to highlight the main choices of the colonial administration and their consequences on the local level the analysis is focused on three dyads: territorial divisions versus clan divisions, ownership versus administration and administration versus self-government. By pointing out that the colonial reforms on nomads were mainly driven by the phantoms of ‘clans’ and ‘custom’, this article argues that certain misconceptions of nomadism are characteristic of any modernization programmes, be they those of colonial Russia or those that are currently being implemented. In Kyrgyzstan the recently introduced ‘grazing committees’ as the main actors in the management and control of pastures perpetuate the myths of self-government and tradition among nomads. In conclusion the article advances the thesis that the reliance on ‘custom’ and ‘tradition’ and the dismissal of real social relations of pastoral land use are among the most important reasons for the failure of pastoral land reforms in the past and in the present.